人教版七年级英语上册知识点有哪些重点？

总体概览

七年级上册的核心目标是帮助学生完成从小学到初中英语学习的平稳过渡，重点掌握26个英文字母的认读、书写和48个国际音标，并围绕“自我介绍”、“家庭”、“食物”、“学校生活”等贴近学生生活的主题，学习最基础、最核心的英语语法和词汇。

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第一部分：核心语法知识点

这是七年级上册的骨架,必须牢固掌握。

be 动词的用法

be动词是am, is, are的统称，用来表示“是”。

• 句型结构： 主语 + be动词 + 其他.
• 用法口诀：
  • I 用 am.
  • You 用 are.
  • Is 用于他/她/它 (He/She/It).
  • 单数 is, 复数 are.
• 否定句： 在be动词后加 not。
  • I am not... (缩写: I'm not...)
  • You are not... (缩写: You aren't... 或 You're not...)
  • He/She/It is not... (缩写: He/She/It isn't...)
  • We/They are not... (缩写: We/They aren't...)
• 一般疑问句： 把be动词提到句首。
  • Are you...? — Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
  • Is he/she/it...? — Yes, he/she/it is. / No, he/she/it isn't.
  • Are we/they...? — Yes, we/they are. / No, we/they aren't.
• 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + be动词 + 主语 + 其他?
  • What's your name? (你叫什么名字？)
  • How are you? (你好吗？)
  • What color is it? (它是什么颜色的？)

人称代词和物主代词

类型	主格 (作主语)	物主代词 (形容词性，后接名词)	物主代词 (名词性，相当于“某人的...”)
第一人称	I (我)	my (我的)	mine (我的东西)
	we (我们)	our (我们的)	ours (我们的东西)
第二人称	you (你/你们)	your (你的/你们的)	yours (你的/你们的东西)
第三人称	he (他)	his (他的)	his (他的东西)
	she (她)	her (她的)	hers (她的东西)
	it (它)	its (它的)	- (its本身已是名词性)
	they (他们/她们/它们)	their (他们的/她们的/它们的)	theirs (他们的/她们的/它们的东西)

• 关键区分：
  • This is my book. (这是我的书。)
  • This book is mine. (这本书是我的。)
  • her (她的) 和 hers (她的东西)
  • its (它的) 和 it's (它是 it is 的缩写)

名词

• 可数名词与不可数名词：
  • 可数名词: 有单复数之分，变复数规则：
    1. 一般加-s: book - books, pen - pens
    2. 以s, x, sh, ch结尾加-es: bus - buses, box - boxes, watch - watches
    3. 以“辅音字母+y”变y为i再加-es: family - families, strawberry - strawberries
    4. 以f或fe结尾，变f/fe为v再加-es: knife - knives, wife - wives
    5. 不规则变化: man - men, woman - women, child - children, foot - feet, mouse - mice
  • 不可数名词: 没有复数形式，不能直接用 a/an 或 数字 修饰，如：water (水), milk (牛奶), rice (米饭), bread (面包), meat (肉), fish (鱼肉), tea (茶)。
• 名词所有格: 表示“...的”。
  • 有生命的名词： 通常在词尾加 's。
    • Tom's book (汤姆的书)
    • my father's car (我爸爸的车)
  • 无生命的名词： 通常用 of 短语。
    • the door of the classroom (教室的门)

冠词

• 不定冠词 a/an:
  • a: 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。a book, a pen, a useful book (u发/ju:/, 是辅音音素)
  • an: 用在以元音音素开头的单词前。an apple, an egg, an hour (h不发音)
  • 核心功能： 泛指，指“一个，任一”。
• 定冠词 the:
  • 核心功能： 特指，指“那个，这些”。
  • 用法：
    1. 双方都知道的人或物。The book on the desk is mine. (桌上的那本书是我的。)
    2. 上文提到过的人或物。I have a cat. The cat is white. (我有一只猫，那只猫是白色的。)
    3. 用于世界上独一无二的事物前。the sun (太阳), the moon (月亮)
    4. 用于序数词或形容词最高级前。the first lesson (第一课), the best student (最好的学生)

指示代词

• this: 这个 (指代单数，近处)
• that: 那个 (指代单数，远处)
• these: 这些 (指代复数，近处)
• those: 那些 (指代复数，远处)
• 核心句型：
  • This is... / That is... (be动词用is)
  • These are... / Those are... (be动词用are)
  • Is this/that...? — Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
  • Are these/those...? — Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.

名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词

见第2点。

名词所有格

见第3点。

基数词

• 0-12: zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
• 13-19: 以 -teen 注意 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen 的拼写。
• 20-90: 以 -ty 注意 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty 的拼写。
• 21-99: 十位和个位之间用连字符 。twenty-one, thirty-five
• 100-999: hundred (百)。one hundred, two hundred and thirty-four

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第二部分：核心词汇与功能意念项目

按单元划分，结合“话题-词汇-功能”进行梳理。

Unit 1: My name's Gina. (自我介绍与问候)

• 话题: Making new friends (交新朋友)
• 核心词汇:
  • 姓名: name, first name, last name / surname
  • 问候: hello, hi, good morning/afternoon/evening
  • 礼貌用语: nice, to meet you, too
• 核心句型/功能:
  • 自我介绍: My name's... / I'm...
  • 询问姓名: What's your name?
  • 问候: How are you? — I'm fine, thanks. / I'm OK. / I'm great.

Unit 2: This is my sister. (家庭)

• 话题: Talking about people (谈论人物)
• 核心词汇:
  • 家庭成员: family, mother / mom, father / dad, parents, brother, sister, grandmother / grandma, grandfather / grandpa, grandparents, that, these, those, who, well, have, day, bye
• 核心句型/功能:
  • 介绍他人: This is... / These are...
  • 询问是谁: Who's he/she? — He's/She's...
  • 询问是否是: Is this/that...? — Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
  • 确认家庭成员: That's my family. / Those are my grandparents.

Unit 3: Is this your pencil? (学校用品)

• 话题: Things in the schoolbag (书包里的东西)
• 核心词汇:
  • 学习用品: pencil, pen, book, eraser, ruler, box, schoolbag, dictionary, his, hers, mine, yours, thank, for, help, welcome, ask, answer, lost, found, call, at
• 核心句型/功能:
  • 确认物品归属: Is this/that your...? — Yes, it is. It's mine. / No, it isn't. It's his/hers.
  • 询问物品归属: What's this/that in English?
  • 提供帮助: Can I help you?
  • 失物招领: A set of keys..., Call... at...

Unit 4: Where's my schoolbag? (方位与物品位置)

• 话题: Things around the house (家里的物品)
• 核心词汇:
  • 方位介词: in (在...里面), on (在...上面), under (在...下面), near (在...旁边)
  • 家具/物品: table, bed, bookcase, sofa, chair, desk, head, know, radio, clock, tape, player, model, plane, tidy, but, our, everywhere, always
• 核心句型/功能:
  • 询问位置: Where's...? — It's in/on/under/near...
  • 询问复数物品位置: Where are...? — They're in/on/under/near...
  • 描述物品位置: My books are on the sofa.

Unit 5: Do you have a soccer ball? (拥有与爱好)

• 话题: Talking about ownership and hobbies (谈论拥有物和爱好)
• 核心词汇:
  • 球类运动: soccer, ball, tennis, ping-pong, basketball, volleyball, bat
  • 动词: have, has, let's, go, we, let, us, get, great, play, sound, good, sport, many, club, classmate, friend, join, tell, fun, difficult, boring, relaxing, watch, TV, same, love, with, them, only, like, easy
• 核心句型/功能:
  • 询问是否拥有: Do you/they have...? — Yes, I/they do. / No, I/they don't.
  • 询问第三人称是否拥有: Does he/she have...? — Yes, he/she does. / No, he/she doesn't.
  • 表达建议: Let's play soccer. / That sounds good.
  • 谈论感受: I/He/She plays... It's... (fun/interesting/boring...)

Unit 6: Do you like bananas? (食物与饮食习惯)

• 话题: Food and eating habits (食物与饮食习惯)
• 核心词汇:
  • 食物:
    • 水果: banana, pear, apple, orange, strawberry
    • 蔬菜: vegetable, carrot, tomato
    • 其他: egg, chicken, rice, bread, milk, breakfast, lunch, dinner, star, eat, well, habit, healthy, really, question, want, be, fat
• 核心句型/功能:
  • 询问喜好: Do you like...? — Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
  • 询问第三人称喜好: Does he/she like...? — Yes, he/she does. / No, he/she doesn't.
  • 谈论一日三餐: I like hamburgers for breakfast/lunch/dinner.
  • 提供建议: Let's have chicken...

Unit 7: How much are these socks? (购物)

• 话题: Shopping (购物)
• 核心词汇:
  • 衣物: socks, T-shirt, shorts, sweater, shoe, skirt, dress, trousers
  • 价格: much, how much, dollar, big, small, short, long, woman, need, look, pair, take, here, welcome, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen, twenty, thirty, Mr., clothes, store, buy, sell, all, very, price, boy
• 核心句型/功能:
  • 询问价格: How much is this/that...? — It's... dollar(s).
  • 询问复数物品价格: How much are these/those...? — They're... dollar(s).
  • 购物用语: Can I help you? / I'll take it/them. / Here you are.

Unit 8: When is your birthday? (日期与节日)

• 话题: Dates, birthdays and festivals (日期、生日与节日)
• 核心词汇:
  • 月份: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
  • 序数词: first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd), fifth (5th), eighth (8th), ninth (9th), twelfth (12th), twentieth (20th), twenty-first (21st), thirtieth (30th), thirty-first (31st)
  • 其他: birthday, party, old, happy, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday, week, test, trip, art, festival, dear, student, thing, term, busy, time, have, there
• 核心句型/功能:
  • 询问日期: When is your/his/her birthday? — It's on...
  • 谈论活动: We have a school trip on...

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第三部分：学习建议

1. 音标先行： 务必在开学初就攻克48个国际音标，这是拼读单词、记忆单词的基础。
2. 语境记忆： 不要孤立地背单词，要把单词放在句子里、课文的语境中去理解和记忆。
3. 归纳总结： 对于语法点，如be动词、代词、名词复数等，自己动手制作表格进行归纳对比,这样更清晰。
4. 听说领先： 大胆开口朗读课文和单词，模仿录音的语音语调,利用教材配套的录音进行听力训练。
5. 勤于练习： 语法和句型要通过大量的练习来巩固，做课本上的练习题、配套练习册,并尝试用所学句型口头或书面造句。
6. 错题整理： 准备一个错题本，记录做错的题目，分析错误原因，定期复习,避免再犯。

希望这份详细的总结能帮助你更好地学习人教版七年级英语上册！加油！