七年级英语知识归纳总结，重点难点怎么记？

校园之窗 2025年12月17日 08:25:39 99ANYc3cd6 1 0

七年级英语核心知识归纳总结

七年级是初中英语打基础的关键时期，本总结将重点分为四大板块：词汇与词法、句法、时态和 话题与交际。

这是英语的“砖瓦”,是构成句子的基础。

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词性	中文	定义与要点	常见例子
名词	名词	表示人、事物、地点或概念的名称。	专有名词: Tom, China, Monday 普通名词: book, student, desk
代词	代词	用来代替名词，避免重复。	主格: I, you, he, she, it, we, they 宾格: me, you, him, her, it, us, them 物主代词: my, your, his, her, its, our, their (形容词性); mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs (名词性) 指示代词: this, that, these, those
形容词	形容词	修饰名词或代词，描述人或事物的特征。	tall, short, happy, beautiful, interesting
动词	动词	表示动作或状态。	实义动词: like, go, play, eat be动词: am, is, are, was, were 情态动词: can, must, should, would
副词	副词	修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。	频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never 地点副词: here, there, home, everywhere 方式副词: fast, slowly, well, hard
介词	介词	表示词与词之间的关系（如时间、地点、方向），通常构成介词短语。	时间: at, on, in, for, since 地点/方向: in, on, at, under, behind, next to, between, near
连词	连词	连接单词、短语或句子。	并列连词: and (和), but (, so (, or (或者) 从属连词: because (因为), if (
数词	数词	表示数量或顺序。	基数词: one, two, three... twenty, thirty... 序数词: first, second, third...

名词复数规则变化:
- 一般加 -s: book → books
- 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加 -es: box → boxes, watch → watches
- 辅音+y结尾，变y为i再加 -es: family → families
- 以f/fe结尾，变f/fe为v再加 -es: leaf → leaves
- 不规则变化: man → men, woman → women, child → children, foot → feet, mouse → mice
人称代词和物主代词:
- 关键区分:
  - This is my book. (形容词性物主代词 my 后必须跟名词)
  - This book is mine. (名词性物主代词 mine 本身就相当于名词,后面不能再跟名词)
There be 句型:
- 含义: “某地有某物”。
- 就近原则: be动词的形式由离它最近的名词决定。
  - There **is** a book and two pens on the desk.
  - There **are** two pens and a book on the desk.

这是英语的“骨架”,规定了如何将单词组合成有意义的句子。

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主语: 动作的发出者或描述的对象。
- I like English. (I 是主语)
谓语: 说明主语“做什么”或“是什么”。
- He **is a student**. (is a student 是谓语)
- They **play basketball**. (play basketball 是谓语)
宾语: 动作的承受者。
- She reads **a book**. (a book 是宾语)
表语: 用在be动词后，说明主语的性质、状态或身份。
- The flowers **are beautiful**. (beautiful 是表语)
- It **seems fine**. (fine 是表语)

主谓结构: S + V
- The sun rises. (太阳升起。)
主谓宾结构: S + V + O
- I love my dog. (我爱我的狗。)
主系表结构: S + Link V + P
- You look tired. (你看起来很累。)
- He became a doctor. (他成了一名医生。)

一般疑问句: 用 yes/no 回答。
- 结构: Be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + ...?
- **Is** he your friend? → Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
特殊疑问句: 用具体信息回答。
- 结构: 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序？
- 特殊疑问词:
  - What (什么): What's this?
  - Who (谁): Who is he?
  - Where (哪里): Where are you from?
  - When (什么时候): When is your birthday?
  - Why (为什么): Why are you late?
  - How (怎么样): How are you?
  - How old (多大): How old are you?
  - What time (几点): What time is it?

时态是英语的灵魂,表示动作发生的时间和状态。

用法:
1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
2. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
结构:
- 肯定句: 主语 + 动词原形/第三人称单数形式 + ...
- 否定句: 主语 + doesn't + 动词原形 + ...
- 疑问句: Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
关键点: 第三人称单数变化 (主语是 he, she, it 或单数名词时)。
- 规则: play → plays, watch → watches, study → studies
- 不规则: have → has, do → does

用法: 表示说话时正在进行的动作或当前一段时间内的活动。
结构:
- 肯定句: 主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing + ...
- 否定句: 主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词-ing + ...
- 疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + ...?
关键点: 动词-ing 的构成。
- 一般直接加-ing: go → going
- 不发音e结尾，去e加-ing: write → writing
- 重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing: run → running, swim → swimming
- ie结尾，变y再加-ing: lie → lying

用法: 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
结构:
- 肯定句: 主语 + 动词的过去式 + ...
- 否定句: 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + ...
- 疑问句: Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
关键点: 动词过去式的变化。
- 规则变化: 一般加-ed; 以e结尾加-d; 辅音+y结尾，变y为i再加-ed; 重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母再加-ed。
- 不规则变化: 必须单独记忆！
  - am/is → was, are → were
  - go → went, have → had, do → did
  - see → saw, eat → ate, take → took
  - make → made, get → got, come → came

这是英语的“血肉”,是实际应用中需要掌握的情景对话。

问候与介绍
- Hello! / Hi!
- How are you? / I'm fine, thank you. And you?
- What's your name? / My name is...
- Nice to meet you. / Nice to meet you, too.
谈论个人信息
- Where are you from? / I'm from China.
- How old are you? / I'm 13 years old.
- When is your birthday? / It's on May 1st.
谈论爱好与能力
- What do you like doing? / I like playing basketball.
- Can you swim? / Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
谈论日常活动与学校生活
- What do you do on weekends? / I often do my homework.
- What time do you get up? / I get up at 6:30.
- What's your favorite subject? / My favorite subject is English.
问路与指路
- Excuse me, where is the library?
- It's next to the post office. / Go straight and turn left.
购物与点餐
- How much is this T-shirt? / It's 50 yuan.
- Can I help you? / I'd like a cup of coffee, please.