七年级英语下册知识点有哪些重点？

校园之窗 2025年12月14日 08:27:27 99ANYc3cd6 1 0

七年级英语下册核心知识点总结

七年级下册的英语学习重点在于一般过去时的掌握和多种时态的初步接触,同时词汇量和功能性表达也大幅增加。

核心语法

一般过去时

这是整个下册的绝对重点和难点。

（图片来源网络，侵删）

定义：表示过去某个时间点发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间标志词：
- yesterday (昨天)
- the day before yesterday (前天)
- last night / week / month / year (昨晚/上周/上个月/去年)
- ... ago (……以前，如 two days ago 两天前)
- in + 过去的年份 (如 in 2025)
- just now (刚才)
动词变化规则：
- 规则动词：
  1. 一般情况：直接在词尾加 -ed。
    - work → worked
    - play → played
    - look → looked
  2. 以不发音的 e 结尾：直接加 -d。
    - like → liked
    - live → lived
  3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾：变 y 为 i，再加 -ed。
    - study → studied
    - cry → cried
  4. 以“元音字母 + y”结尾：直接加 -ed。
    - enjoy → enjoyed
  5. 重读闭音节结尾：双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 -ed。
    - stop → stopped
    - plan → planned
- 不规则动词：需要单独记忆，这是考试的重点！
  - am/is → was
  - are → were
  - go → went
  - have/has → had
  - do → did
  - see → saw
  - eat → ate
  - get → got
  - take → took
  - make → made
  - come → came
  - run → ran
  - swim → swam
  - buy → bought
  - fly → flew
  - draw → drew
句型结构：
- 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.
  - I went to the park yesterday.
- 否定句：主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他.
  - I didn't go to the park yesterday. (didn't 后面永远跟动词原形！)
- 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
  - Did you go to the park yesterday?
- 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
  - What did you do yesterday?

情态动词 `can` 的过去式 `could`

定义：表示过去的能力或许可。
用法：
- could + 动词原形
- 否定形式：couldn't (could not)
例句：
- I can swim now. (我现在会游泳。)
- I could swim when I was five. (我五岁的时候会游泳。)
- Could you help me, please? (过去请求帮助)
- Yes, I could. / No, I couldn't.

反身代词

定义：表示“……自己”,通常作宾语或同位语。
构成：self (单数) / selves (复数)
- 第一人称：myself (我自己), ourselves (我们自己)
- 第二人称：yourself (你自己), yourselves (你们自己)
- 第三人称：
  - himself (他自己), herself (她自己), itself (它自己)
  - themselves (他们/她们/它们自己)
常用短语：
- enjoy oneself (玩得高兴) → enjoy myself/yourself/himself...
- help oneself to... (随便吃/喝……) → Help yourself to some fish.

过去进行时

定义：表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。
结构：was/were + V-ing
时间标志词：
- at this time yesterday (在昨天这个时候)
- at 8 o'clock last night (昨晚8点)
- when... (当……的时候)
例句：
- I was doing my homework at 8 o'clock last night.
- What were you doing when I called you?
- They were having a class meeting at that time.

比较级和最高级 (Review & Extension)

规则变化：
- 一般直接加 -er / -est (tall → taller → tallest)
- 以 e 结尾加 -r / -st (nice → nicer → nicest)
- “辅音+y”变 y 为 i 再加 -er / -est (happy → happier → happiest)
- 重读闭音节双写结尾辅音再加 -er / -est (big → bigger → biggest)
不规则变化：
- good/well → better → best
- bad/badly → worse → worst
- many/much → more → most
- little → less → least
- far → farther/further → farthest/furthest
常用句型：
- A + be + 比较级 + than + B (A比B更……)
- A + be + the + 最高级 + (in/of...) (A是最……的)
- one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 (最……的之一)
  - He is one of the tallest boys in our class.

核心词汇与短语

按话题分类,方便记忆。

话题一：日常生活与爱好

动词：
- do (做), have (有), go (去), get (得到), visit (参观), walk (走), ride (骑), drive (驾驶), fly (飞行), read (读), write (写), draw (画), sing (唱歌), dance (跳舞), swim (游泳), shop (购物), clean (打扫), cook (烹饪), wash (洗), watch (观看), listen (听), see (看见), look (看), find (找到), lose (丢失), buy (买), sell (卖), join (加入), win (赢得), learn (学习), teach (教)
名词：
- home (家), room (房间), park (公园), zoo (动物园), library (图书馆), museum (博物馆), cinema (电影院), beach (海滩), mountain (山), country (国家), world (世界), story (故事), news (新闻), picture (图片), movie (电影), book (书), magazine (杂志), newspaper (报纸), clothes (衣服), shoes (鞋子), hat (帽子), T-shirt (T恤), shorts (短裤), sweater (毛衣), homework (家庭作业), housework (家务), dinner (晚餐), breakfast (早餐), lunch (午餐), picnic (野餐), trip (旅行), activity (活动)
形容词：
- boring (无聊的), interesting (有趣的), difficult (困难的), easy (容易的), relaxing (放松的), tiring (累人的), happy (开心的), sad (悲伤的), angry (生气的), excited (兴奋的), bored (感到无聊的), surprised (惊讶的), lovely (可爱的), wonderful (精彩的), terrible (糟糕的)
短语：
- do one's homework (做作业), do the housework (做家务), go for a walk (去散步), go shopping (去购物), go to the movies (去看电影), take a photos (拍照), have a good time (玩得开心), on weekends (在周末), in the countryside (在乡下), all over the world (全世界)

话题二：旅行与交通

动词：
- plan (计划), hope (希望), decide (决定), leave (离开), arrive (到达), get to (到达), walk to (步行去), ride a bike (骑自行车), drive a car (开车), take a bus/train/ship/plane (乘坐公交/火车/轮船/飞机), visit (参观), climb (爬), cross (穿过)
名词：
- trip (旅行), vacation (假期), journey (旅程), train (火车), bus (公共汽车), subway (地铁), plane (飞机), ship (轮船), car (小汽车), bike (自行车), boat (小船), station (车站), stop (车站), bridge (桥), river (河流), lake (湖), sea (海), ocean (海洋), city (城市), town (城镇)
短语：
- go on a vacation (去度假), plan a trip (计划一次旅行), leave for... (动身去……), arrive in/at... (到达……), get to... (到达……), by train/bus/plane (乘坐火车/公交/飞机), on foot (步行), have a great trip (旅途愉快)

话题三：健康与医疗

动词：
- have (患……病), feel (感觉), get (变得), take (服用), rest (休息), see a doctor (看医生), have a fever/cold/headache/toothache/stomachache (发烧/感冒/头痛/牙痛/胃痛)
名词：
- medicine (药), pill (药丸), water (水), health (健康), hospital (医院), doctor (医生), dentist (牙医), tooth (牙齿), stomach (胃), temperature (体温)
形容词：
- sick (生病的), ill (生病的), healthy (健康的), serious (严重的)
短语：
- have a cold (感冒), have a fever (发烧), have a headache (头痛), see a dentist (看牙医), stay in bed (卧床休息), drink more water (多喝水), take some medicine (吃点药)

功能意念项目

谈论过去发生的事情：
- What did you do last weekend? (你上周末做了什么？)
- I visited my grandparents. (我去看望了我的祖父母。)
- Did you go to the beach? (你去海滩了吗？)
- No, I didn't. I stayed at home and watched TV. (不，我没有，我待在家里看电视。)
谈论假期计划：
- Where did you go on vacation? (你去哪儿度假了？)
- I went to the mountains. (我去爬山了。)
- How was your vacation? (你的假期怎么样？)
- It was great / wonderful / terrible. (它很棒/很糟糕。)
寻求和提供建议：
- What should I do? (我该做什么？)
- You should see a doctor. (你应该去看医生。)
- I have a toothache. (我牙疼。)
- You shouldn't eat too much candy. (你不应该吃太多糖果。)
谈论感受：
- How do you feel? (你感觉怎么样？)
- I feel sick. (我感觉不舒服。)
- Are you feeling better now? (你现在感觉好点了吗？)
- Yes, I feel much better. (是的，我感觉好多了。)
谈论能力：
- Could you swim when you were five? (你五岁的时候会游泳吗？)
- Yes, I could. / No, I couldn't. (是的，我会。/不，我不会。)