八年级下册英语各单元知识点有哪些重点？

Unit 1 What's the matter?

核心话题 健康问题与建议。

重点词汇

1. 身体部位: head, eye, ear, nose, mouth, tooth, neck, throat, stomach, back, arm, finger, hand, leg, foot/feet, ankle
2. 疾病与症状: have a fever/cold/headache/toothache/sore throat/stomachache, have a sore back, hurt, sore, tired, stressed out, cough, nosebleed
3. 建议与措施: should, shouldn't, drink hot tea with honey, lie down and rest, see a dentist, put some medicine on it, clean the wound, rest for a few days, take breaks, listen to soft music

核心句型

1. 询问病情:
   • What's the matter (with you)? / What's wrong (with you)? 你怎么了？
   • I have a headache. / I have a fever. 我头疼。/ 我发烧了。
   • My stomach hurts. / I have a stomachache. 我肚子疼。
2. 给出建议:
   • You should see a dentist. 你应该去看牙医。
   • He shouldn't eat anything for two hours. 他 shouldn't 两小时内不吃任何东西。
   • It's a good idea to lie down and rest. 躺下休息是个好主意。
   • Why don't you get some rest? 你为什么不休息一下呢？
   • You'd better drink lots of water. 你最好多喝水。

重要语法

1. 情态动词 should 的用法:
   • 含义: 应该，表示建议或义务。
   • 句型:
     • 肯定句: 主语 + should + 动词原形 + ...
       • You should drink hot tea with honey.
     • 否定句: 主语 + shouldn't (should not) + 动词原形 + ...
       • He shouldn't play basketball.
     • 一般疑问句: Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
       • Should I see a doctor?
     • 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 + should + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
       • What should I do?

功能与交际

• 描述自己的健康状况。
• 询问他人的健康状况。
• 针对健康问题给出合理的建议。

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Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.

核心话题 志愿者活动与提供帮助。

重点词汇

1. 动词短语: clean up, cheer up, give out, come up with, put off, hand out, fix up, set up
2. 相关名词: volunteer, sign, advertisement, notice, community, lonely, feeling, joy, owner, journey, repair
3. 形容词: alone, lonely, interested, kind

核心句型

1. 提出帮助:
   • I'd like to work outside. 我想在户外工作。
   • You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助清理城市公园。
2. 表达意愿与计划:
   • I want to help homeless people. 我想帮助无家可归的人。
   • We're making a plan to visit old people's homes. 我们正在制定一个去养老院的计划。
3. 提出建议:
   • What about handing out food at the food bank? 在食物银行分发食物怎么样？
   • Let's make some notices. 我们来做些通知吧。

重要语法

1. 动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语等:
   • 作宾语: want / would like / hope / plan + to do sth.
     • I want to help. 我想帮忙。
     • She hopes to visit the old people. 她希望去看望老人。
   • 作宾语补足语: tell / ask / want + sb. + to do sth.
     • The teacher asks us to clean the classroom. 老师让我们打扫教室。
     • My mom wants me to get up early. 我妈妈想让我早起。
   • 作目的状语: ... to do sth.
     • I study hard to get good grades. 我努力学习是为了取得好成绩。

功能与交际

• 表达做志愿者的意愿。
• 提出帮助他人的具体方式。
• 讨论并制定计划。

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Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?

核心话题 家务劳动与家庭责任。

重点词汇

1. 家务劳动: do the dishes, sweep the floor, take out the trash, make the bed, fold the clothes, living room, bathroom, kitchen
2. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never
3. 其他词汇: rubbish, messy, borrow, lend, invite, stress, fair, unfair

核心句型

1. 提出请求:
   • Could you please take out the trash? 你能倒一下垃圾吗？
   • Could I borrow your car? 我能借用一下你的车吗？
   • Will you please do the dishes? 你能洗碗吗？
2. 回应请求:
   • 同意: Sure, no problem. / Of course. / Certainly.
   • 拒绝: Sorry, I can't. I have to ... / I'm afraid I can't. I need to ...
3. 抱怨与评价:
   • Could you please not wear those old jeans? 你能别穿那些旧牛仔裤吗？
   • I have to do the chores every day. 我每天都得做家务。
   • What about the fair? 那公平性呢？

重要语法

1. 情态动词 could 的用法:
   • 含义: 比 can 更委婉、更礼貌地提出请求或许可。
   • 句型:
     • Could you please + 动词原形 + ...? (提出请求)
       • Could you please help me?
     • Could I + 动词原形 + ...? (请求许可)
       • Could I use your computer?
2. make 与 do 的区别:
   • make: 制造，创造，常与表示成果的名词连用。
     • make breakfast, make the bed, make a cake, make a plan
   • do: 做，进行，常与表示家务、工作等的名词连用。
     • do the dishes, do the laundry, do homework, do a job

功能与交际

• 有礼貌地提出请求和许可。
• 学会委婉地拒绝。
• 讨论家庭责任和公平性。

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Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents?

核心话题 人际交往与解决问题。

重点词汇

1. 问题与建议: argue, instead of, communicate, get on (well) with, explain, clear, offer, proper, communicate
2. 情感与性格: angry, annoyed, serious, nervous, quickly, usual, until, pressure, compare
3. 其他: usual, perhaps, usual

核心句型

1. 提建议:
   • Why don't you talk to him about it? 你为什么不和他谈谈这件事呢？
   • You should talk to someone so that you don't worry about it. 你应该和别人谈谈，这样你就不用担心了。
   • What's wrong? / What's the matter? 怎么了？
2. 表达感受:
   • I'm really annoyed. 我真的很烦。
   • I argued with my best friend. 我和我最好的朋友吵架了。
   • I feel stressed out. 我感到压力很大。
3. 说明原因:
   • He's not allowing me to hang out with my friends. 他不让我和朋友出去玩。
   • Maybe you should call him so you can say you're sorry. 也许你应该给他打个电话，道个歉。

重要语法

1. so that 引导目的状语从句:
   • 含义: 以便，为了，表示目的。
   • 结构: 主句 + so that + 从句 (从句中常有cancouldwillwould等情态动词)。
   • 例句:
     • He got up early so that he could catch the first bus. 他早起是为了能赶上第一班公交车。
     • Speak loudly so that everyone can hear you. 大声说，以便每个人都能听到你。
2. until 的用法:
   • 含义: 直到...才...
   • 结构: not ... until ... (直到...才...)
   • 例句: I didn't finish my homework until 10 o'clock. 我直到10点才完成作业。

功能与交际

• 描述遇到的社交问题。
• 给出解决问题的建议。
• 表达自己的感受和观点。

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Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

核心话题 过去进行时与过去的动作。

重点词汇

1. 事件: rainstorm, alarm, begin/began, heavily, suddenly, reporter, area, disaster, passenger, bicycle, pavement, environment
2. 感官动词: see, hear, notice, find
3. 副词: suddenly, heavily, realize, realized

核心句型

1. 描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作:
   • What were you doing at 8:00 last night? 你昨晚8点在做什么？
   • I was doing my homework. 我在做作业。
   • When the rainstorm came, I was waiting for the bus. 当暴风雨来临时，我正在等公交车。
   • While Linda was sleeping, the thunderstorm started. 当琳达在睡觉时，雷暴开始了。

重要语法

1. 过去进行时:
   • 含义: 表示过去某个特定时间或某段时间正在发生的动作。
   • 结构: was/were + 动词的-ing形式
   • 句型:
     • 肯定句: I was reading a book. / They were playing basketball.
     • 否定句: I wasn't reading. / They weren't playing.
     • 一般疑问句: Were you reading? / Were they playing?
     • 特殊疑问句: What were you doing? / Where were they going?
2. 过去进行时与一般过去时的对比:
   • 过去进行时: 强调动作的“持续性”和“过程性”，常与 at 8:00, this time yesterday, when ... 等时间状语连用。
     • I was cooking when he called. 他打电话时，我正在做饭。
   • 一般过去时: 强调动作的“完整性”和“结果性”，常与 yesterday, last week, in 1998 等时间状语连用。
     • I cooked a delicious meal yesterday. 昨天我做了一顿美味的饭。
3. when 和 while 的区别:
   • when: 可以指一个点时间，也可以指一段时间的某一点，从句用一般过去时或过去进行时均可。
     • When I arrived, he was leaving. (我到达时，他正要离开。)
   • while: 强调“在...期间”，指一段时间，从句常用过去进行时。
     • While I was cooking, he was watching TV. (我做饭的时候，他正在看电视。)

功能与交际

• 询问并描述过去某个时间点正在发生的事情。
• 讲述过去的故事,描述背景和同时发生的动作。

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Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.

核心话题 中国传统故事与神话。

重点词汇

1. 故事元素: once upon a time, shoot, stone, weak, god, remind, bit, silly, instead of, turn into, excited, get married, become, true
2. 动词过去式: told, moved, became, began, started, said, knew, put, made, reminded, turned, got, became
3. 形容词: strong, weak, silly, clever, brave, excited

核心句型

1. 讲述故事:
   • Once upon a time, there was a very old man. 很久以前，有一位老人。
   • The old man told his children that a god could help him. 老人告诉他的孩子们，一位神仙可以帮助他。
   • So he worked very hard day and night to move the mountains. 所以他日夜不停地努力，想把山移走。
   • Finally, a god was moved by him and he sent two gods to take the mountains away. 一位神仙被他的精神感动，派了两个神仙把山搬走了。

重要语法

1. unless 的用法:
   • 含义: 除非，如果不... (if ... not)
   • 结构: 主句 + unless + 从句
   • 例句:
     • You will fail unless you work hard. = You will fail if you don't work hard. 除非你努力，否则你会失败。
     • Unless it rains tomorrow, we will go hiking. = If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. 除非明天下雨，否则我们去远足。
2. so ... that ... 和 such ... that ... 结构:
   • so ... that ...: ..以至于...
     • He was so tired that he fell asleep. 他太累了，以至于睡着了。
     • The story was so interesting that I read it twice. 这个故事太有趣了，我读了它两遍。
   • such ... that ...: 如此的...一个...以至于...
     • It was such a good book that I read it twice. 它是如此一本好书，以至于我读了它两遍。
     • He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him. 他是如此一个聪明的男孩，以至于每个人都喜欢他。
3. 故事叙述的时态: 主要使用一般过去时。

功能与交际

• 讲述和复述故事。
• 理解并运用故事中的道理和寓意。

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Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world?

核心话题 地理知识与比较级、最高级。

重点词汇

1. 地理名词: Qomolangma, Himalayas, Amazon, Nile, Casian Sea, population, square, meter, deep, desert, tourism, condition, take in, achieve one's dream
2. 形容词: high, high, long, long, deep, big, popular, dangerous, famous, successful, free, crowded

核心句型

1. 比较与对比:
   • Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters high. 珠穆朗玛峰高8844.43米。
   • It's higher than any other mountain in the world. 它比世界上任何其他山都高。
   • The Amazon is longer than the Nile in some places. 在一些地方，亚马逊河比尼罗河更长。
   • The Sahara isn't the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠不是世界上最大的沙漠。

重要语法

1. 形容词和副词的比较级与最高级:
   • 规则变化:
     • 一般加 -er / -est: tall -> taller -> tallest
     • 以 e 结尾加 -r / -st: nice -> nicer -> nicest
     • 重读闭音节,辅音字母双写再加 -er / -est: big -> bigger -> biggest
     • 以“辅音+y”变 y 为 i 再加 -er / -est: happy -> happier -> happiest
     • 多音节词和部分双音节词,在词前加 more / most: beautiful -> more beautiful -> most beautiful
   • 不规则变化:
     • good/well -> better -> best
     • bad/ill -> worse -> worst
     • many/much -> more -> most
     • little -> less -> least
     • far -> farther/further -> farthest/furthest
   • 句型:
     • 原级比较: A + be + as + adj. + as + B (A和B一样...)
       • The Nile is as long as the Amazon. 尼罗河和亚马逊河一样长。
     • 比较级: A + be + adj. + -er + than + B (A比B更...)
       • The Yellow River is longer than the Songhua River. 黄河比松花江长。
       • One of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 (最...之一)
         • The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
     • 最高级: A + be + the + adj. + -est + (in/of...) (A是最...)
       • Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。

功能与交际

• 询问和描述地理信息（高度、长度、深度等）。
• 对事物进行比较和对比。

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Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?

核心话题 阅读经历与现在完成时。

重点词汇

1. 文学与阅读: treasure, island, classic, page, already, yet, finish, full, character, hurry, due, ship, tool, cover, parrot, sand, else
2. 动词过去分词: read, seen, bought, heard, written, done, eaten, been, gone, taken, made, put

核心句型

1. 谈论阅读经历:
   • Have you read Little Women yet? 你已经读过《小妇人》了吗？
   • Yes, I have. / No, I haven't. 是的，我读过。/ 不，我还没读过。
   • I've already seen the movie. 我已经看过那部电影了。
   • I haven't finished reading it yet. 我还没读完它。
   • What do you think of it? 你觉得它怎么样？

重要语法

1. 现在完成时:
   • 含义: 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态。
   • 结构: have/has + 动词的过去分词
   • 标志性时间状语: already (已经), yet (还，用于否定句和疑问句), just (刚刚), ever (曾经), never (从不), so far (到目前为止), since + 时间点, for + 时间段
   • 句型:
     • 肯定句: I have finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。
     • 否定句: She hasn't eaten breakfast yet. 她还没吃早餐。
     • 一般疑问句: Have you ever been to Beijing? 你去过北京吗？
     • 特殊疑问句: How many books have you read this year? 你今年读了多少本书？
2. have gone to 与 have been to 的区别:
   • have gone to: 表示“去了某地”，人可能在去的路上，也可能已经到达了某地，但现在不在这里，强调“去了”这个动作的结果。
     • He has gone to Shanghai. 他去上海了。（现在不在这里）
   • have been to: 表示“去过某地”，人已经回来了，强调“去过”的经历。
     • He has been to Shanghai. 他去过上海。（现在回来了）

功能与交际

• 询问并分享阅读、观影等经历。
• 评价作品（书籍、电影等）。

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Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?

核心话题 旅行经历与现在完成时。

重点词汇

1. 地点: museum, aquarium, zoo, space museum, amusement park, art museum, water park, tour, park, mall, cinema, hospital
2. 副词: ever, never, before
3. 其他: interesting, boring, crowded, expensive, cheap, take a vacation, hope to do, learn about

核心句型

1. 谈论旅行经历:
   • Have you ever been to an aquarium? 你去过水族馆吗？
   • Yes, I have. / No, I've never been there. 是的，我去过。/ 不，我从没去过那里。
   • I've been to the space museum twice. 我去过太空博物馆两次。
   • I've never been to a water park. 我从没去过水上公园。
   • How about you? 你呢？

重要语法

1. 现在完成时的复习与巩固:
   • 重点复习 have/has + 过去分词 结构。
   • 重点复习 ever, never, before, already, yet 等标志性副词的用法。
2. How 引导的特殊疑问句:
   • How was the trip? 旅行怎么样？
   • How many times have you been there? 你去过那里多少次？
   • How do you like it? 你觉得它怎么样？

功能与交际

• 询问并分享去过的有趣的地方。
• 描述旅行经历和感受。

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Unit 10 I'm watching TV.

核心话题 现在进行时的扩展用法。

重点词汇

1. 日常活动: wash, dishes, make, soup, read, newspaper, use, computer, exercise, clean, supermarket, man, woman, child/children, shop
2. 现在进行时标志词: now, look, listen, at the moment

核心句型

1. 描述当前正在进行的动作:
   • What are you doing? 你在做什么？
   • I'm watching TV. 我在看电视。
   • Is he reading a newspaper? 他在读报纸吗？
   • No, he's using the computer. 不，他在用电脑。
   • What's she doing? 她在做什么？
   • She's making soup. 她在做汤。

重要语法

1. 现在进行时的用法扩展:
   • 除了表示“此时此刻”正在发生的动作，还可以表示：
     • 现阶段正在进行的动作 (说话时可能不在做):
       • I'm reading a book about history. 我在读一本关于历史的书。（现阶段）
     • 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 (常与 tomorrow, this evening 等连用):
       • We are having a party this Saturday. 我们这周六要举办一个派对。
     • 表示频繁的、暂时的习惯 (常与 always, forever 连用，有时带有感情色彩):
       • He is always helping others. 他总是乐于助人。（赞扬）
       • She is forever losing her keys. 她老是丢钥匙。（抱怨）

功能与交际

• 询问并描述他人当前或现阶段的活动。
• 描述计划中的事情。