八年级上册英语知识点归纳有哪些重点？

校园之窗 2025年12月14日 17:19:59 99ANYc3cd6 1 0

八年级上册英语核心知识点归纳

一般现在时 vs. 现在进行时

这是八年级的重点和难点,关键在于区分“事实/习惯”和“当前正在进行的动作”。

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语法点	一般现在时	现在进行时
含义	表示经常性、习惯性的动作或当前的状态。	表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。
时间状语	always, usually, often, sometimes, every day/week, on Sundays	now, at the moment, look, listen, these days
动词形式	主语 + 动词原形/第三人称单数	主语 + am/is/are + 动词ing
例句	I go to school at 7:00 every day. (我每天7点去上学。)	I am going to school now. (我现在正在去上学的路上。)
	He plays basketball every weekend. (他每个周末都打篮球。)	He is playing basketball now. (他现在正在打篮球。)
注意	第三人称单数变化：play → plays, study → studies, watch → watches	动词ing变化：go → going, study → studying, run → running

形容词和副词

形容词: 修饰名词，说明事物的特征，位置：名词前或系动词后。
- a **beautiful** girl (一个漂亮的女孩)
- The story is **interesting**. (这个故事很有趣。)
副词: 修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，说明动作的特征或方式，位置：动词后、形容词前。
- He runs **fast**. (他跑得快。) - 修饰动词
- She is **very** smart. (她非常聪明。) - 修饰形容词
形容词变副词: 这是高频考点。
- 一般直接加 -ly: quick → quickly, slow → slowly
- 以 -y 变 y 为 i 再加 -ly: happy → happily, easy → easily
- 以 -le 去 e 加 -y: terrible → terribly, gentle → gently
- 特殊变化：good → well, hard (adj. 困难的) → hard (adv. 努力地)

比较级和最高级

用于两者或多者之间的比较,是八年级语法的重中之重。

规则变化:
- 一般情况: 直接加 -er / -est (tall → taller → tallest)
- 以 e 结尾: 加 -r / -st (nice → nicer → nicest)
- “辅音+y”结尾: 变 y 为 i，再加 -er / -est (heavy → heavier → heaviest)
- 重读闭音节（一个元音+一个辅音）: 双写末尾辅音，再加 -er / -est (big → bigger → biggest, hot → hotter → hottest)
不规则变化:
- good/well → better → best
- bad/ill → worse → worst
- many/much → more → most
- little → less → least
- far → farther/further → farthest/furthest
常用句型:
- 两者比较: A + be + 比较级 + than + B (Tom is taller than Mike.)
- 一方超过另一方: A + be + 比较级 + and + 比较级 (The weather is getting hotter and hotter.)
- 三者或以上比较: A + be + the + 最高级 + (in/of...) (Tom is the tallest in his class.)
- “one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”: (He is one of the most popular students in our school.)

情态动词

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can, may, must, should, could, would 等。

can/could: 表示能力或许可。can 用于现在/could 是过去式，语气更委婉。
- I **can** swim. (我会游泳。)
- **Could** I borrow your pen? (我能借你的笔吗？)
may: 表示许可，可能性较小，语气比 can 更正式。
- You **may** go now. (你现在可以走了。)
must: 表示必须，主观要求，否定形式 mustn't 表示“禁止”。
- You **must** finish your homework. (你必须完成作业。)
- You **mustn't** play in the street. (你不许在街上玩。)
should: 表示应该，建议。
- You **should** eat more vegetables. (你应该多吃蔬菜。)

“There be” 句型

表示“某地存在某物”。

肯定句: There + be + (a/an/the/数词) + 名词 + 地点状语.
- There **is** a book on the desk.
否定句: There + be + not + (a/an/the/数词) + 名词 + 地点状语.
- There **isn't** a book on the desk.
一般疑问句: Be + there + (a/an/the/数词) + 名词 + 地点状语?
- **Is** there a book on the desk?
特殊疑问句: How many + 复数名词 + be there + 地点状语? (用于询问数量)
- **How many** books **are there** on the desk?
就近原则: be 动词的形式由它后面的第一个名词决定。
- There **is** a pen and two books on the desk. (a pen 是单数)

过去进行时

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表示过去某个特定时间点或时间段正在进行的动作。

结构: was/were + 动词ing
时间状语: at 8:00 last night, this time yesterday, while (当...时候)
例句:
- I **was doing** my homework at 9:00 last night. (我昨晚9点正在做作业。)
- What **were you doing** at this time yesterday? (你昨天这个时候在做什么？)
- He **was reading** a book while I **was watching** TV. (他看书的时候，我正在看电视。)

话题相关词汇

How often (频率): always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never
Health (健康): healthy, unhealthy, exercise, habit, sleep, dentist, headache, toothache, sore throat
Free Time Activities (休闲活动): go shopping, go hiking, watch TV, read books, use the Internet, take photos, listen to music
Transportation (交通): subway, bus, train, bike, walk, car, stop, station, minute, kilometer
Festivals & Holidays (节日): Christmas, Halloween, Thanksgiving, New Year's Day, Chinese New Year, get together, celebrate, relative, gift
Weather (天气): weather, sunny, cloudy, rainy, windy, snowy, hot, cold, warm, cool

重要动词短语

go shopping / go hiking / go swimming (去...)
take a walk / take a shower / take a bus / take photos (乘坐... / 拍照 / 洗澡)
watch TV / watch a game (观看)
do some reading / do some cleaning / do homework (做...)
have a good time / have a fever / have a cold (度过... / 发烧 / 感冒)
help with (sth) / help (sb) with (sth) (在某方面帮助)
look for / look after / look at (寻找 / 照顾 / 看)
listen to (听)