仁爱版八上英语知识点有哪些重点？

校园之窗 2025年12月9日 13:21:29 99ANYc3cd6 1 0

总体概览

八年级上册是初中英语承上启下的关键时期，在词汇量和语法复杂度上都有显著提升,核心重点包括：

时态：一般将来时、过去进行时、现在完成时的初步接触。
句型：宾语从句、感叹句、比较级和最高级的运用。
话题：围绕“健康与运动”、“旅行与交通”、“节日与庆典”、“兴趣与爱好”等展开,强调语言的实用性和交际性。

Unit 1 Playing Sports

主题：体育运动、爱好与计划 核心语法：一般将来时 (will / be going to)

（图片来源网络，侵删）

重点词汇

名词: sport, game, player, team, score, goal, result, hope, hopefulness, news, finish, winner, training, gym, ice, ring, pool, ski, skate, step, pace, breath, mind, matter, exercise, habit, weekend, movie, concert, plan, picnic, trip, hike
动词: play, join, hope, win, beat, miss, feel, finish, train, do, go, swim, skate, ski, skateboard, climb, hike, breathe, relax, stay, keep, exercise, plan, decide, hope, have, see, watch, visit
形容词: healthy, strong, happy, sad, tired, excited, relaxed, bored, free, busy, important, favorite, popular, modern, huge, beautiful, wonderful, great, good, bad, well
副词: together, fast, slowly, early, late, hard, well, badly
短语:
- play basketball/football/volleyball (打篮球/足球/排球)
- join the school team (加入校队)
- hope to do sth. (希望做某事)
- feel tired/happy/sad (感到累/开心/难过)
- be excited about (对...感到兴奋)
- be good at (doing) sth. (擅长做某事)
- keep healthy/fit (保持健康/健美)
- do morning exercises (做早操)
- on weekends (在周末)
- plan to do sth. (计划做某事)
- decide to do sth. (决定做某事)
- be going to (将要,打算)

核心句型

谈论爱好和计划:
- — What's your favorite sport? (你最喜欢的运动是什么？)
- — My favorite sport is swimming. (我最喜欢的运动是游泳。)
- — Do you like playing basketball? (你喜欢打篮球吗？)
- — Yes, I do. / No, I don't. (是的，我喜欢。/ 不，我不喜欢。)
- — What are you going to do this weekend? (你这个周末打算做什么？)
- — I'm going to climb mountains. (我打算去爬山。)
表达祝愿和希望:
- Good luck! (祝你好运！)
- I hope you will win. (我希望你能赢。)
- Best wishes! (最好的祝愿！)
描述比赛结果:
- — What's the result? (结果怎么样？)
- — Our team won the game. (我们队赢了比赛。)
- — Class 2 beat Class 3. (二班打败了三班。)

重要语法

一般将来时

（图片来源网络，侵删）

will + 动词原形
- 结构: 主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他.
- 用法:
  - 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
    - He will be 15 next year. (他明年就15岁了。)
  - 表示意愿、决心或承诺。
    - I will help you with your English. (我会帮你学英语的。)
  - 表示预言。
    - I think it will rain tomorrow. (我明天会下雨。)
- 注意: will 在疑问句和否定句中的变化。
  - — Will you come? (你会来吗？)
  - — Yes, I will. / No, I won't. (是的，我会。/ 不，我不会。)
be going to + 动词原形
- 结构: 主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形 + 其他.
- 用法:
  - 表示已经计划或决定要做某事。
    - She is going to visit her grandparents this afternoon. (她今天下午要去看望她的祖父母。)
  - 根据现在迹象，预测即将要发生的事情。
    - Look at the dark clouds. It's going to rain. (看那些乌云，要下雨了。)
- will vs be going to:
  - 计划好的事多用 be going to。
  - 即兴的决定或预测多用 will。
    - I'm going to watch a movie tonight. (我计划好了今晚看电影。)
    - *— The phone is ringing.** (电话响了。)
    - — I'll get it. (我去接。)

Unit 2 Keeping Healthy

主题：健康、疾病、建议与就医 核心语法：情态动词 should / shouldn't 的用法

重点词汇

名词: health, medicine, headache, fever, toothache, stomachache, cough, cold, illness, rest, advice, suggestion, hospital, doctor, dentist, medicine, pill, healthcare, balance, energy, habit, breakfast, lunch, dinner, vegetable, fruit, junk food, sugar, fat, disease, risk, weight
动词: have, see, go, take, give, get, feel, rest, stay, keep, eat, drink, exercise, brush, wash, hurt, suggest, advise, balance
形容词: healthy, unhealthy, ill, sick, tired, weak, strong, fit, important, serious, sweet, salty, delicious, terrible, good, bad
副词: often, usually, sometimes, hardly, early, late
短语:
- keep healthy/fit (保持健康)
- have a headache/cold/fever (头疼/感冒/发烧)
- see a doctor (看医生)
- take some medicine (吃药)
- stay in bed (卧床休息)
- give sb. some advice (给某人一些建议)
- brush one's teeth (刷牙)
- wash one's hands (洗手)
- eat a balanced diet (吃均衡的饮食)
- junk food (垃圾食品)
- be good for one's health (对健康有益)
- be bad for one's health (对健康有害)

核心句型

描述健康状况:
（图片来源网络，侵删）
- — What's the matter (with you)? / What's wrong (with you)? (你怎么了？)
- — I have a headache/cold/stomachache. (我头疼/感冒/肚子疼。)
- — I don't feel well. (我感觉不舒服。)
提出建议:
- — What should I do? (我该怎么办？)
- — You should see a doctor. (你应该去看医生。)
- — You shouldn't eat too much junk food. (你不应该吃太多垃圾食品。)
- — Why not go to bed early? (为什么不早点睡呢？)
- — You'd better drink more hot water. (你最好多喝热水。)
谈论生活习惯:
- — How often do you exercise? (你多久锻炼一次？)
- — I exercise every day. (我每天都锻炼。)
- — Eating vegetables is good for you. (吃蔬菜对你有好处。)

重要语法

情态动词 should 的用法

should + 动词原形
- 含义: 应该
- 用法: 用于提出建议、劝告或表达义务。
  - You should drink plenty of water. (你应该多喝水。)
  - We should help each other. (我们应该互相帮助。)
- 否定式: shouldn't (should not) + 动词原形
  - You shouldn't watch too much TV. (你不应该看太多电视。)
should 的一般疑问句
- 结构: Should + 主语 + 动词原形...?
- 肯定回答: Yes, 主语 + should.
- 否定回答: No, 主语 + shouldn't.
  - — Should I take this medicine? (我应该吃这个药吗？)
  - — Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't. (是的，你应该。/ 不，你不应该。)

Unit 3 Our Hobbies

主题：兴趣爱好、个人情感与描述 核心语法：感叹句

重点词汇

名词: hobby, interest, collection, stamp, coin, book, model, doll, painting, drawing, song, music, dance, dance music, story, novel, magazine, basketball, piano, violin, chess, photography, computer, game, chat, friendship, feeling, joy, fun, pleasure, beauty, time, money, skill
动词: collect, read, listen, draw, paint, sing, dance, play, chat, surf, spend, cost, take, join, share, develop, enjoy, appreciate, learn, practice
形容词: interesting, interested, boring, bored, exciting, excited, wonderful, beautiful, amazing, relaxing, relaxed, expensive, cheap, difficult, easy, free, busy
副词: quickly, slowly, happily, sadly, loudly, quietly, well, badly
短语:
- collect stamps/coins (收集邮票/硬币)
- read books/stories/novels (读书/故事/小说)
- listen to music/songs (听音乐/歌)
- draw pictures/paint (画画)
- play the piano/violin/basketball (弹钢琴/拉小提琴/打篮球)
- chat with friends online (和朋友在线聊天)
- spend time/money (in) doing sth. (花费时间/金钱做某事)
- It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. (花费某人一些时间做某事)
- sth. costs (sb.) some money. (某物花费某人一些钱。)
- develop a hobby (培养一个爱好)
- share sth. with sb. (与某人分享某物)
- be interested in (doing) sth. (对...感兴趣)
- be bored with sth. (对...感到厌烦)

核心句型

谈论爱好:
- — What's your hobby? (你的爱好是什么？)
- — My hobby is collecting stamps. (我的爱好是集邮。)
- — What do you like doing in your free time? (你空闲时间喜欢做什么？)
- — I like reading and listening to music. (我喜欢读书和听音乐。)
表达感受:
- I'm interested in science. (我对科学感兴趣。)
- The story is very interesting. (这个故事非常有趣。)
- I feel relaxed when I listen to music. (听音乐时我感到很放松。)
花费的表达:
- I spend two hours on my homework every day. (我每天花两个小时在作业上。)
- It takes me half an hour to go to school by bike. (骑自行车去学校花了我半个小时。)
- This new bike cost me 300 yuan. (这辆新自行车花了我300元。)

重要语法

感叹句

感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈情感的句子。

What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
- What a beautiful flower it is! (多么漂亮的花啊！)
- What an interesting book you are reading! (你读的书真有趣啊！)
- What good news! (多好的消息啊！) (省略了主语和谓语)
How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
- How beautiful the flower is! (这花多漂亮啊！)
- How fast he runs! (他跑得真快啊！)
- How time flies! (时间过得真快啊！)
区分 What 和 How
- 中心词是名词用 What。
- 中心词是形容词或副词用 How。
- 可以尝试把 What a/an 或 How 去掉，句子意思基本不变,说明结构正确。

Unit 4 Our World

主题：自然环境、污染、保护与建议 核心语法：比较级和最高级

重点词汇

名词: world, nature, environment, pollution, air, water, soil, noise, rubbish, litter, energy, resource, paper, plastic, bottle, bag, forest, tree, animal, plant, endangered species, recycling, bin, bin, government, law, future, hope, problem, idea, suggestion
动词: pollute, protect, save, waste, throw, recycle, plant, cut down, use up, make, turn off, pick up, put, make, save, protect, improve, harm, kill
形容词: clean, dirty, polluted, fresh, important, useful, harmful, dangerous, beautiful, ugly, tall, short, long, wide, narrow, big, small, heavy, light, hot, cold, new, old
副词: quickly, slowly, carefully, carelessly, loudly, quietly, more, most, less, least
短语:
- pollute the environment (污染环境)
- protect the environment (保护环境)
- save energy (节约能源)
- save water (节约用水)
- waste water (浪费水)
- turn off the lights (关灯)
- throw rubbish everywhere (到处扔垃圾)
- cut down trees (砍伐树木)
- make a difference (产生影响,起作用)
- put...in the bin (把...扔进垃圾桶)
- pick up litter (捡起垃圾)
- use plastic bags (使用塑料袋)
- make a suggestion (提出建议)
- be harmful to... (对...有害)

核心句型

描述环境问题:
- There is too much pollution. (污染太严重了。)
- We are wasting too much energy. (我们在浪费太多能源。)
- The river is polluted by the factory. (这条河被工厂污染了。)
提出保护环境的建议:
- We should protect the environment. (我们应该保护环境。)
- Let's turn off the lights when we leave. (我们离开时关灯吧。)
- We shouldn't use plastic bags. (我们不应该使用塑料袋。)
- How about planting more trees? (多种些树怎么样？)
比较事物:
- This river is cleaner than that one. (这条河比那条河干净。)
- This is the most polluted river in our city. (这是我们城市里污染最严重的河。)

重要语法

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

原级:
- 结构: as + 形容词/副词原级 + as
- 含义: 和...一样...
  - This book is as interesting as that one. (这本书和那一样有趣。)
  - He runs as fast as his brother. (他和他哥哥跑得一样快。)
比较级:
- 结构: A + 形容词/副词比较级 + than + B
- 含义: A比B更...
- 规则变化:
  - 一般直接加 -er: tall -> taller, long -> longer
  - 以不发音的 e 加 -r: nice -> nicer, large -> larger
  - 以“辅音+y”变 y 为 i，再加 -er: happy -> happier, easy -> easier
  - 重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音，再加 -er: big -> bigger, hot -> hotter, thin -> thinner
  - 多音节和部分双音节词，在前面加 more: beautiful -> more beautiful, carefully -> more carefully
- 不规则变化:
  - good/well -> better
  - bad/badly -> worse
  - many/much -> more
  - little -> less
  - far -> farther/further
最高级:
- 结构: the + 形容词/副词最高级 + (in/of...)
- 含义: 最...
- 规则变化: 与比较级规则相同，只是把 -er 换成 -est，more 换成 most。
- 不规则变化:
  - good/well -> best
  - bad/badly -> worst
  - many/much -> most
  - little -> least
  - far -> farthest/furthest

Unit 5 Feeling Excited

主题：情感表达、原因说明与安慰 核心语法：because 引导的状语从句，宾语从句初步接触

重点词汇

名词: feeling, emotion, excitement, nervousness, sadness, happiness, surprise, fear, hope, dream, future, plan, exam, test, speech, interview, flight, trip, beach, movie, concert, gift, present, result, reason
动词: feel, get, look, sound, smell, taste, seem, become, make, let, have, hope, dream, worry, relax, surprise, excite, disappoint, cheer up, calm down
形容词: excited, exciting, interested, interesting, bored, boring, tired, tiring, relaxed, relaxing, happy, unhappy, sad, angry, nervous, surprised, disappointed, worried, pleased, proud, lonely, afraid, glad
副词: very, so, too, quite, rather, how, why
短语:
- feel excited/nervous/sad/happy (感到兴奋/紧张/难过/开心)
- look excited/nervous (看起来兴奋/紧张)
- sound interesting (听起来有趣)
- be worried about... (担心...)
- be afraid of... (害怕...)
- be proud of... (为...骄傲)
- cheer up (振作起来)
- calm down (冷静下来)
- take it easy (别紧张,放轻松)
- have a bad day (过得不顺利)
- get ready for... (为...做准备)
- make a speech (做演讲)
- give sb. a surprise (给某人一个惊喜)

核心句型

表达感受:
- I feel excited about the coming trip. (我对即将到来的旅行感到兴奋。)
- He looks nervous because of the exam. (他因为考试看起来很紧张。)
- The movie is very interesting. (这部电影非常有趣。)
- I am interested in history. (我对历史感兴趣。)
询问原因:
- — Why are you so happy? (你为什么这么开心？)
- — Because I got an A in the test. (因为我考试得了A。)
- — What's wrong with you? You look sad. (你怎么了？你看起来很难过。)
- — I failed my math exam. (我的数学考试没及格。)
安慰和建议:
- Don't worry. Everything will be OK. (别担心，一切都会好的。)
- Take it easy. You can do it well. (放轻松，你能做好的。)
- I'm sorry to hear that. (听到这个消息我很难过。)

重要语法

because 引导原因状语从句
- 结构: ... + because + 从句.
- 用法: 用来回答 Why 提问，说明原因。
  - He was late because he missed the bus. (他迟到了因为他错过了公交车。)
- 注意: because 不能和 so 同时使用在一个句子里。
  - 错误: Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.
  - 正确: Because it was raining, we stayed at home. 或 It was raining, so we stayed at home.
感官动词 + 形容词
- 结构: look, sound, smell, taste, feel + 形容词
- 用法: 这些系动词后面不能直接加形容词，而是用形容词来描述主语的状态。
  - The flowers smell sweet. (这些花闻起来很香。)
  - The music sounds beautiful. (这音乐听起来很美。)
  - The silk feels soft. (这丝绸摸起来很柔软。)
宾语从句初步接触
- 结构: 主句 + that + 从句 (that 可省略)
- 用法: 作动词的宾语。
  - I think (that) he is right. (我认为他是对的。)
  - She says (that) she will come. (她说她会来。)
- 注意: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。