八年级下册英语核心知识点有哪些？

整体概览

八年级下册的核心围绕“过去进行时”、“情态动词的过去式”、“被动语态”、“定语从句”等核心语法展开，同时话题也更加贴近生活，如旅行、健康、环保、文学艺术等。

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Unit 1 What's the matter?

话题： 健康、问题与建议 核心语法： 情态动词 should 的用法

核心词汇

1. 身体部位： head, eye, ear, nose, mouth, tooth, neck, throat, arm, hand, finger, leg, foot, back, stomach
2. 疾病与问题： have a fever/cold/cough/headache/toothache/sore throat/stomachache, have a sore back, hurt, tired, stressed out, have a problem, trouble
3. 建议与措施： should, shouldn't, rest, drink hot tea with honey, see a dentist, lie down and rest, listen to soft music, take breaks, take one's temperature

重点句型

1. 询问身体状况：
   • — What's the matter (with you)? — I have a cold.
   • — What's the trouble (with him)? — He hurt himself.
   • — What's wrong (with her)? — She has a stomachache.
   • — What should I do? — You should drink some hot tea with honey.
2. 提出建议：
   • You should/shouldn't eat so much candy.
   • He shouldn't work so hard.
   • Maybe you should lie down and rest.
   • It's a good idea to see a doctor.

语法精讲：情态动词 should

1. 用法： 用于提出建议或劝告，意为“应该”。
2. 肯定句： 主语 + should + 动词原形 + ...

   You should drink more water.

3. 否定句： 主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形 + ...

   He shouldn't stay up late.

4. 疑问句： Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?

   Should I take this medicine?

5. 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词 + should + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?

   What should I do about my toothache?

   
   （图片来源网络，侵删）

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Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.

话题： 志愿活动与帮助他人 核心语法： want/would like/hope to do sth.；动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语

核心词汇

1. 动词短语： clean up, cheer up, give out, come up with, put off, write down, call up, hand out, volunteer, fix up, set up
2. 相关名词： volunteer, sign, notice, feeling, satisfaction, joy
3. 形容词： lonely, happy, excited, grateful, interested

重点句型

1. 表达意愿：
   • I want to volunteer at an animal hospital.
   • We'd like to set up a food bank to help hungry people.
   • I hope to travel around the world one day.
2. 提出帮助：
   • You could help clean up the city parks.
   • Let's make some notices to ask for donations.
   • I'd like to help homeless people.
3. 动词不定式用法：
   • 作宾语：I want to help others. (help作want的宾语)
   • 作宾语补足语：The teacher asked us to clean the classroom. (clean作us的宾语补足语)
   • 作目的状语：He studies hard to get good grades. (to get表目的)

语法精讲：动词不定式

动词不定式 to do sth. 是非谓语动词的一种,功能强大。

1. 作宾语： 常跟在 want, would like, hope, plan, decide, try 等词后。
   • She decided to learn the piano.
2. 作宾语补足语： 常跟在 tell, ask, want, teach, help 等词后。
   • My father told me not to play computer games.
3. 作目的状语： 放在句首或句末，表示做某事的目的。
   • To keep healthy, we should exercise every day.
   • He gets up early to catch the early bus.

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Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?

话题： 家庭责任与请求许可 核心语法： 情态动词 could 和 might 表示礼貌的请求与许可；make/do 的用法区别

核心词汇

1. 家务劳动： do the dishes, sweep the floor, take out the trash, make the bed, fold the clothes, clean the living room
2. 动词： borrow, lend, invite, hate, stress, waste, depend on
3. 词组： do the laundry, take care of, get a ride, work on, at least, throw a party, hang out

重点句型

1. 礼貌地提出请求：
   • — Could you please clean your room? — Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to study for a test.
   • Could you please take out the trash?
2. 礼貌地请求许可：
   • Could/May I borrow your car? — Sure, no problem.
   • Do you mind if I use your computer?
3. 表达不满与抱怨：
   • Could you at least take out the trash?
   • I hate to do chores.
   • Why don't you do the dishes?

语法精讲

1. 情态动词 could 的用法：
   • 表示礼貌的请求： 比 can 更委婉、客气。
     • Could you please + 动词原形?
     • Could I + 动词原形?
   • 表示可能性（比 can 弱）： It could rain this afternoon.
2. make 与 do 的区别：
   • do: 通常指做某项具体的“工作”或“任务”。

     do the dishes, do the laundry, do homework, do a favor

     
     （图片来源网络，侵删）
   • make: 通常指“创造”、“制作”或“导致”。

     make a cake, make a plan, make a mistake, make friends, make money

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Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents?

话题： 人际关系与情感问题 核心语法： Why don't you...? 提建议；until, so that 引导的目的状语从句

核心词汇

1. 情绪与问题： instead, instead of, argue, communicate, get on (well) with, circle, pressure, compete, opinion, skill, typical, quick, usual
2. 建议与解决方案： explain, clear up, work out, focus on, in order to, so that, until, communication, offer, proper

重点句型

1. 提建议（多种方式）：
   • Why don't you/they/we + 动词原形? (Why don't you talk to your parents?)
   • You should... (You should communicate with them.)
   • How about/What about + doing sth.? (How about asking them for advice?)
   • Let's... (Let's have a discussion.)

语法精讲

1. Why don't you...? 句型：
   • 这是一个非常实用的提建议的句型，相当于 You should...。
   • Why don't you join an English club? (Why don't you join an English club?)
2. until 引导的时间状语从句：
   • 含义： 直到...才...
   • 肯定句： 主句用延续性动词，表示动作一直持续到某个时间点。
     • I waited until he came back. (我等到他回来。)
   • 否定句： 主句用非延续性动词，表示动作直到某个时间点才发生。
     • He didn't leave until I arrived. (直到我来了他才走。)
3. so that 引导的目的状语从句：
   • 含义： 以便，为了...
   • 特点： so that 后面跟 can/could/will/would/might 等情态动词。
     • He got up early so that he could catch the first bus. (他早起是为了能赶上第一班公交车。)

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Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

话题： 过去进行时与过去进行时与一般过去时的对比 核心语法： 过去进行时

核心词汇

1. 天气与事件： rainstorm, storm, suddenly, alarm, report, begin, heavy, suddenly, strange, kid, date, alive, trap, miss, event, news, witness, student, jump
2. 时间词： at 8:00 last night, at that time, when, while

重点句型

1. 过去进行时：
   • — What were you doing at 8:00 last night? — I was doing my homework.
   • — What was he doing when the rainstorm came? — He was reading in the library.
2. 过去进行时与一般过去时连用：
   • I was cooking dinner when the phone rang. (过去进行时表背景,一般过去时表突发事件)
   • While my mother was watching TV, I was doing my homework. (两个过去的动作同时进行)

语法精讲：过去进行时

1. 结构： was/were + 动词的现在分词
2. 用法：
   • 表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。
     • I was having breakfast at 7:00 this morning.
   • 表示过去某个时间段内持续进行的动作。
     • They were playing basketball from 4 to 5 yesterday afternoon.
   • 表示一个过去的动作作为另一个过去动作的背景。
     • He was sleeping when I got home.

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Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.

话题： 传说与故事 核心语法： 除非引导的状语从句；unless, so...that..., such...that...

核心词汇

1. 神话与传说： god, remind, bit, fit, shoot, stone, weak, remind sb. of sth., continue, unless, finally, hide, tail, turn...into...
2. 故事人物： Yu Gong, a very old man, the two gods

重点句型

1. 讲故事：
   • Once upon a time, there was an old man...
   • He tried to move the mountains.
   • A man told Yu Gong that he could never do it.
2. unless 引导的条件状语从句：
   • 含义： 除非...，如果不... (相当于 if...not...)
   • 结构： 主句 + unless + 从句
   • You will fail unless you work hard. = You will fail if you don't work hard.

语法精讲

1. so...that... 和 such...that...
   • so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句
     • He was so tired that he fell asleep quickly. (他太累了，很快就睡着了。)
   • such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that + 从句
     • It was such a fine day that we decided to go for a picnic. (天气如此好，以至于我们决定去野餐。)
     • He told such a funny story that we all laughed. (他讲了一个如此有趣的故事，我们都笑了。)

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Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world?

话题： 地理与自然 核心语法： 形容词和副词的最高级

核心词汇

1. 地理名词： square, meter, deep, desert, population, tour, tourist, wall, fact, wall, place, country, ocean, Asia, tourist, country, fact
2. 形容词： high, deep, large, big, popular, famous, difficult, dangerous, amazing

重点句型

1. 询问最高级：
   • — What's the highest mountain in the world? — It's Qomolangma.
   • — Which is the deepest ocean? — The Pacific Ocean is the deepest.
2. 比较级和最高级转换：
   • Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. (比较级)
   • Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. (最高级)

语法精讲：形容词和副词的最高级

1. 规则变化：
   • 单音节和部分双音节词：-est (tall -> tallest, big -> biggest)
   • 以 -e -st (nice -> nicest)
   • 以“辅音+y”变y为i, -est (happy -> happiest)
   • 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音：双写辅音, -est (big -> biggest, hot -> hottest)
   • 多音节词：most + 原级 (beautiful -> most beautiful)
2. 不规则变化：
   • good/well -> best
   • bad/ill -> worst
   • many/much -> most
   • little -> least
   • far -> farthest/furthest
3. 常用句型：
   • 主语 + 谓语 + the + 最高级 + (in/of...) (在...范围内最高)
     • Tom is the tallest (student) in his class.
   • 主语 + 谓语 + one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + (in/of...) (最...之一)
     • Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in China.

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Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?

话题： 文学作品与经历 核心语法： 现在完成时

核心词汇

1. 文学与阅读： treasure, island, classic, page, already, yet, just, finish, novel, writer, fiction, hurry, due, full, hurry up, due to, science fiction, full of, character, ship, cannibal
2. 副词： already, yet, just, ever, never, ever since, so far

重点句型

1. 现在完成时：
   • — Have you read Treasure Island? — Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
   • — Has he seen the movie yet? — Yes, he has. He saw it last week.
   • I have just finished my homework.

语法精讲：现在完成时

1. 结构： have/has + 动词的过去分词
2. 核心用法：
   • 表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作或状态。
     • I have lived here for ten years. (我在这里住了十年了，现在还住在这里。)
   • 表示过去发生，但对现在有影响或结果的动作。
     • He has broken his leg. (他的腿断了，现在还伤着。)
   • 表示“已经”、“刚刚”、“曾经”等含义。
     • I have already seen the film. (我已经看过这部电影了。)
     • He has just arrived. (他刚刚到达。)
3. 与一般过去时的区别：
   • 现在完成时 强调对现在的影响或与现在的联系，常与 for, since, already, yet, just, ever, never 等词连用。
   • 一般过去时 强调动作在过去某个时间点发生并结束，与现在无关，常与 yesterday, last week, in 1999 等具体时间连用。
     • I have lost my key. (钥匙丢了，现在还没找到。) -> 结果：我现在没有钥匙。
     • I lost my key yesterday. (我昨天丢了钥匙。) -> 事实：昨天发生了丢钥匙这件事。

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Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?

话题： 旅行经历 核心语法： 现在完成时 (have/has been to vs. have/has gone to)

核心词汇

1. 地点与场所： museum, aquarium, amusement park, water park, zoo, space museum, cinema, mall, game center, restaurant, birdwatching, take a vacation, somewhere, different, camp, theme, report, especially
2. 副词： ever, never, once, twice, many times

重点句型

1. 询问旅行经历：
   • — Have you ever been to a museum? — Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
   • — Has he ever been to an aquarium? — Yes, he has. He went there last year.
   • I have never been to a water park.

语法精讲：have/has been to vs. have/has gone to

1. have/has been to + 地点
   • 含义： “去过某地”，人已经回来了。
   • 回答： Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
   • 例句： I have been to Beijing twice. (我去过北京两次了。)
2. have/has gone to + 地点
   • 含义： “去了某地”，人已经去了，还没回来，或在去的路上。
   • 回答： 只能用肯定回答 Yes, he/she has.，不能说 No, he hasn't.,因为说这话的人不知道对方在哪。
   • 例句： He has gone to Shanghai. (他去上海了。)
3. have/has been in + 地点
   • 含义： “在某地待了（多久）”，表示持续的状态。
   • 常与 for 或 since 连用。
   • 例句： He has been in Shanghai for three days. (他在上海待了三天了。)

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Unit 10 I'm watching TV.

话题： 正在进行的活动与电话用语 核心语法： 现在进行时表将来

核心词汇

1. 活动与爱好： join, show, competition, soup, wash, movie, just, kitchen, newspaper, soup, movie, cake, tomorrow, tonight, tomorrow, invite, party, picnic, test
2. 电话用语： Hello, this is... speaking. Is that...? Hold on, please. Can I take a message? I'll call back later.

重点句型

1. 现在进行时：
   • — What are you doing? — I am watching TV.
2. 现在进行时表将来：
   • I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. (我明天动身去北京。)
   • We are having a party tonight. (我们今晚要开个派对。)

语法精讲：现在进行时表将来

1. 用法： 表示已经安排好或计划好，并且确定会发生的将来动作。
2. 标志： 常与 tomorrow, tonight, this afternoon, next week 等表示将来的时间状语连用。
3. 对比：
   • I am buying a new car. (我已经决定要买了，可能在去车行的路上，或者正在和销售谈。)
   • I will buy a new car. (我打算买，但计划还不确定。)

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学习建议

1. 词汇为王： 每天坚持背诵和复习单词，不仅要记住拼写和中文意思,更要学会在句子中运用。
2. 语法为纲： 语法是语言的骨架，对于每个单元的核心语法，一定要理解其概念、结构和用法,并通过造句来巩固。
3. 听说并重： 大胆开口说英语，可以跟着录音模仿，或者和同学进行对话练习，听力是输入的关键,每天坚持听一些简单的英语材料。
4. 读写结合： 多读课文，培养语感，尝试用学过的单词和句型写一些小短文、日记或邮件,将知识内化为自己的能力。
5. 整理错题： 准备一个错题本，记录自己做错的题目，并分析错误原因，定期回顾,避免再犯。

希望这份详细的知识点梳理能帮助你更好地学习八年级下册英语！祝你学习进步！