七年级英语下册第四单元

，包括核心语法、核心词汇、重点句型和话题拓展，希望能帮助你全面掌握。

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核心语法：一般过去时

这是本单元的灵魂,你需要理解并掌握以下几点：

什么是“一般过去时”？

• 定义：表示在过去某个时间点发生的动作或存在的状态。
• yesterday (昨天), last night / week / month / year (昨晚/上周/上个月/去年), ...ago (……以前，如 two days ago 两天前), in + 过去的年份 (如 in 2025), the day before yesterday (前天)。

动词的过去式变化规则

这是语法的难点和重点,动词原形要变成过去式，主要有以下规则：

规则类别	变化方法	示例
一般情况	直接在动词末尾加 -ed	work → worked play → played visit → visited
以不发音的 e 结尾	直接加 -d	like → liked live → lived use → used
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾	变 y 为 i，再加 -ed	study → studied cry → cried try → tried
以“元音字母 + y”结尾	直接加 -ed	enjoy → enjoyed play → played stay → stayed
重读闭音节结尾	双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed	stop → stopped plan → planned chat → chatted

不规则动词的变化

• 有些动词的过去式没有规律,需要特殊记忆，本单元要求掌握的核心不规则动词有：
  • do → did
  • go → went
  • have → had
  • eat → ate
  • see → saw
  • take → took
  • get → got
  • buy → bought
  • read → read /red/ (注意发音变化)
  • am / is → was
  • are → were

一般过去时的句式结构

• 肯定句: 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.

  • I watched TV last night. (我昨晚看了电视。)
  • She went to the park yesterday. (她昨天去了公园。)

• 否定句: 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他.

  • I didn't watch TV last night. (我昨晚没看电视。)
  • She didn't go to the park yesterday. (她昨天没去公园。)
  • 注意：didn't 后面永远跟动词原形！

• 一般疑问句: Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?

  
  （图片来源网络，侵删）
  • Did you watch TV last night? (你昨晚看电视了吗？)
  • Did she go to the park yesterday? (她昨天去了公园吗？)
  • 肯定回答: Yes, 主语 + did. (Yes, I did. / Yes, she did.)
  • 否定回答: No, 主语 + didn't. (No, I didn't. / No, she didn't.)

• 特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?

  • What did you do last night? (你昨晚做了什么？)
  • Where did she go yesterday? (她昨天去了哪里？)

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核心词汇

动词

• do (做) → did
• go (去) → went
• visit (参观，拜访)
• study (学习) → studied
• play (玩，打) → played . have (有，吃) → had . eat (吃) → ate
• buy (买) → bought
• see (看见) → saw
• watch (观看)
• read (阅读) → read
• visit (参观)
• get (得到) → got
• clean (打扫)
• wash (洗)
• stay (停留) → stayed
• have a good time (玩得开心)
• go shopping (去购物)
• go to the movies (去看电影)

名词

• yesterday (昨天)
• school trip (学校旅行)
• museum (博物馆)
• fire (火)
• painting (画)
• gift (礼物)
• special (特别的)
• thing (东西，事情)
• report (报告)
• test (测试，考试)
• water (水)
• animal (动物)
• price (价格)
• city (城市)
• countryside (乡村)

形容词 *. great (很棒的)

• interesting (有趣的)
• boring (无聊的)
• difficult (困难的)
• easy (容易的)
• fast (快的)
• slow (慢的)
• expensive (昂贵的)
• cheap (便宜的)
• special (特别的)

疑问词 . what (什么) . where (哪里) . when (什么时候) . who (谁)

• how (怎样)
• how much (多少钱，用于不可数名词)
• how many (多少，用于可数名词复数)

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重点句型和话题

核心句型

• 谈论过去的活动：
  • —What did you do last weekend? (你上周末做了什么？)
  • —I played soccer. (我踢了足球。)
  • —Did you go to the beach? (你去海滩了吗？)
  • —No, I didn't. It was rainy. (不，我没去，那天在下雨。)
• 描述经历：
  • It was great. (很棒。)
  • We had a good time. / We had fun. (我们玩得很开心。)
  • The people were very friendly. (人们非常友好。)
  • The food was delicious. (食物很美味。)
• 谈论物品和价格：
  • —How much was this T-shirt? (这件T恤多少钱？)
  • —It was only 15 dollars. (只要15美元。)
  • —How were the shoes? (这双鞋怎么样？)
  • —They were too expensive. (它们太贵了。)

话题拓展 本单元主要围绕两个话题展开：

• 学校旅行

  • 活动: go to the zoo (去动物园), visit a museum (参观博物馆), watch a fire show (观看消防表演), see some paintings (看一些画), buy some gifts (买一些礼物)。
  • 感受: It was exciting/boring. (它令人兴奋/无聊。), I learned a lot. (我学到了很多。), We took some photos. (我们拍了一些照片。)

• 购物

  • 地点: go to the mall (去购物中心), go to the supermarket (去超市)。
  • 评价物品: The bag was nice. (这个包很好看。), The shoes were great. (这双鞋很棒。), The sweater was too small. (这件毛衣太小了。)
  • 询问价格: How much is/are...? (……多少钱？)

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学习建议

1. 动词变化是关键：每天花10分钟，专门练习动词原形变过去式，特别是规则变化和不规则变化的重点词，可以制作卡片，正面写原形，反面写过去式，随时抽背。
2. 语境中学习：不要死记硬背单词和句型，试着用一般过去时描述你昨天、上个周末或假期里做过的事情。"Yesterday, I played basketball with my friends after school. In the evening, I did my homework and watched TV."
3. 听力先行：多听课本的录音，模仿语音语调，听力的输入能有效帮助你建立对一般过去时的语感。
4. 勤于练习：多做课本和练习册上的语法题和对话练习，特别是关于 did 和 didn't 的用法，这是最容易出错的地方。
5. 写日记：尝试用简单的英语写一小段日记，记录当天发生的事情，这是应用一般过去时最好的方式。

希望这份详细的总结对你有帮助！祝你学习进步！