七年级英语上册知识点总结
校园之窗 2025年12月14日 09:55:16 99ANYc3cd6
七年级英语上册核心知识点总结
七年级上册是整个初中英语的基础,主要围绕“自我介绍”、“家庭”、“学校生活”、“食物”等贴近学生生活的主题展开,核心目标是掌握26个字母、音标、基础词汇和核心句型。
第一部分:字母、音标与发音
26个英文字母
- 分类:
- 元音字母 (5个): A, E, I, O, U (有时Y也作元音)
- 辅音字母 (21个): 剩下的字母
- 书写: 注意区分大小写,特别是印刷体和手写体。
a和d,g和q。 - 顺序: 必须熟练背诵字母表顺序,这是查字典的基础。
国际音标
音标是单词的“拼音”,是拼读和记忆单词的关键,七年级上册主要接触到元音音标和辅音音标。

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| 类别 | 音标 | 单词示例(中文谐音) | 发音要点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 元音 | /e/ | pen (pen) |
发音短促,如“诶” |
| /i:/ | he (hi) |
长音,嘴角向两边咧,如“一” | |
| /ɪ/ | it (it) |
短音,口型小,如“衣” | |
| /æ/ | apple (a-p-pul) |
张大嘴,如“爱” | |
| /ɑ:/ | father (fa-ther) |
口张大,如“啊” | |
| /ɔ:/ | ball (ball) |
圆唇,如“奥” | |
| /ʊ/ | book (book) |
短促,如“乌” | |
| /u:/ | blue (blue) |
长音,口型小,如“乌” | |
| /ʌ/ | cup (cup) |
短促,如“啊” | |
| /ɜ:/ | bird (bird) |
卷舌,如“饿” | |
| /ə/ | teacher (tea-cher) |
轻读,如“呃” | |
| /eɪ/ | cake (cake) |
双元音,由“诶”滑向“一” | |
| /aɪ/ | bike (bike) |
由“啊”滑向“一” | |
| /ɔɪ/ | boy (boy) |
由“奥”滑向“一” | |
| /aʊ/ | now (now) |
由“啊”滑向“乌” | |
| /əʊ/ | go (go) |
由“呃”滑向“乌” | |
| /ɪə/ | here (here) |
由“衣”滑向“呃” | |
| /eə/ | there (there) |
由“诶”滑向“呃” | |
| /ʊə/ | tour (tour) |
由“乌”滑向“呃” | |
| 辅音 | /p/, /b/ | pen, book |
/p/ 不送气,/b/ 浊音 |
| /t/, /d/ | it, good |
/t/ 不送气,/d/ 浊音 | |
| /k/, /g/ | key, bag |
/k/ 不送气,/g/ 浊音 | |
| /f/, /v/ | five, very |
上齿轻触下唇 | |
| /s/, /z/ | see, zoo |
舌尖靠近上齿龈 | |
| /θ/, /ð/ | three, this |
/θ/ (咬舌尖),/ð/ (浊音咬舌尖) | |
| /ʃ/, /ʒ/ | she, pleasure |
舌身后缩 | |
| /h/ | hello |
气流从喉咙冲出 | |
| /tʃ/, /dʒ/ | China, jeep |
舌尖抵上齿龈 | |
| /tr/, /dr/ | tree, dress |
/t/ + /r/, /d/ + /r/ | |
| /ts/, /dz/ | cats, beds |
/t/ + /s/, /d/ + /z/ | |
| /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ | my, name, sing |
/m/ (闭唇),/n/ (舌尖抵齿龈),/ŋ/ (舌根抵软腭) | |
| /l/ | like |
舌尖抵上齿龈 | |
| /r/ | red |
舌尖卷起 | |
| /j/ | yes |
如“耶” | |
| /w/ | we |
如“乌” |
发音规则:
- 元音字母在重读音节中的发音规律:
- A: /eɪ/ (cake), /æ/ (apple), /ɑ:/ (father)
- E: /i:/ (he), /e/ (pen), /ə/ (teacher)
- I: /aɪ/ (bike), /ɪ/ (it)
- O: /əʊ/ (go), /ɒ/ (hot), /ʊ/ (book)
- U: /ju:/ (use), /ʌ/ (cup), /u:/ (blue)
第二部分:词汇
词汇是语言的血肉,七年级上册词汇按主题分类记忆效果更好。
核心词汇分类表
| 主题 | 核心词汇 |
|---|---|
| 个人信息 | name, is, am, are, I, you, he, she, it, boy, girl, student, teacher, from, Canada, Japan, China, years old, first name, last name, nice, to, meet, welcome |
| 数字与颜色 | one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, hundred, red, yellow, blue, green, black, white, color |
| 物品与方位 | pen, pencil, book, ruler, eraser, box, schoolbag, desk, chair, in, on, under, where, table, bed, sofa, bookcase, drawer, plant, bag, hat |
| 家庭与朋友 | mother, father, parents, brother, sister, grandfather, grandmother, grandpa, grandma, family, friend, who, these, those, they, well, have, has |
| 食物与饮食 | banana, hamburger, ice-cream, pear, apple, tomato, strawberry, egg, rice, chicken, vegetable, breakfast, lunch, dinner, food, eat, like, sure, star, salad, bread, birthday, dinner, week, food |
| 兴趣与运动 | play, basketball, soccer, ball, volleyball, ping-pong, bat, tennis, TV, watch, same, love, with, them, only, let's, go, great, sport, many, club, class, interesting, boring, fun, difficult, relaxing, watch TV, play soccer |
| 日期与天气 | when, birthday, month, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, happy, old, party, first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, happy birthday; how much, how old; how's the weather, it's, sunny, cloudy, rainy, windy, snowy, cold, hot, warm, cool, weather |
第三部分:核心语法
语法是语言的骨架,七年级上册的语法是整个初中语法的基石。
be 动词 (am, is, are) 的用法
be动词是英语中最重要、最基础的动词,用来表示“是”。

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| 人称 | 肯定句 | 否定句 | 一般疑问句 | 肯定回答 | 否定回答 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | I am... | I am not... | Am I...? | Yes, you are. | No, you aren't. |
| He/She/It | He/She/It is... | He/She/It is not... | Is he/she/it...? | Yes, he/she/it is. | No, he/she/it isn't. |
| You/We/They | You/We/They are... | You/We/They are not... | Are you/we/they...? | Yes, we/you/they are. | No, we/you/they aren't. |
口诀: “我用am,你用are,is跟着他/她/它,单数is,复数are。”
句型转换:
- 陈述句 → 一般疑问句: be动词提前,句号变问号。
- 例:
He is a student.→Is he a student?
- 例:
- 陈述句 → 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 + be动词 + 主语 + ...?
- 例:
My name is Tom.→What is your name?
- 例:
人称代词和物主代词
| 类型 | 主格 (作主语) | 物主代词 (形容词性,后接名词) | 物主代词 (名词性,单独使用) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 第一人称 | I (我) | my (我的) | mine (我的东西) |
| 第二人称 | you (你/你们) | your (你的/你们的) | yours (你的/你们的东西) |
| 第三人称 | he (他) | his (他的) | his (他的东西) |
| she (她) | her (她的) | hers (她的东西) | |
| it (它) | its (它的) | - | |
| 复数 | we (我们) | our (我们的) | ours (我们的东西) |
| they (他们/她们/它们) | their (他们的/她们的/它们的) | theirs (他们的/她们的东西) |
例句:
- This is my book. (这是我的书。)
- The book is mine. (这本书是我的。)
名词
- 可数名词: 可以用数字计算的名词。
- 单数变复数规则:
- 一般情况: 加
-s(e.g.,book→books) - 以 s, x, sh, ch, o 加
-es(e.g.,bus→buses,box→boxes,watch→watches,tomato→tomatoes) - 以“辅音字母+y” 变
y为i再加-es(e.g.,family→families,dictionary→dictionaries) - 以“元音字母+y” 直接加
-s(e.g.,boy→boys,key→keys) - 特殊变化:
man→men,woman→women,child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice
- 一般情况: 加
- 单数变复数规则:
- 不可数名词: 无法用数字直接计算的名词,通常没有复数形式,如:
water(水),milk(牛奶),rice(米饭),bread(面包),tea(茶),meat(肉)。 - 名词所有格: 表示“……的”。
- 规则: 在单数名词或不可数名词后加
's(e.g.,Tom's book(汤姆的书),the teacher's desk(老师的桌子))。 - 规则: 在复数名词以
-s结尾时,只加 (e.g.,the students' books(学生们的书))。 - 规则: 在不以
-s结尾的复数名词后加's(e.g.,the children's ball(孩子们的球))。
- 规则: 在单数名词或不可数名词后加
冠词
冠词用在名词前,起限定作用。

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| 冠词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| a / an | 泛指,指“某一个”,第一次提到。 | I have a book. (我有一本书。) It's an apple. (它是一个苹果。) 注意: a 用在辅音音素开头的单词前,an 用在元音音素开头的单词前。 |
| the | 特指,双方都知道的或上文提到过的。 | The book is on the desk. (那本书在桌子上。) I like the red one. (我喜欢那个红色的。) |
| (零冠词) | 泛指不特指的复数名词或不可数名词。 | I like apples. (我喜欢苹果。) He likes milk. (他喜欢牛奶。) |
指示代词
| 词 | 含义 | 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| this | 这 (近指,单数) | This is my pen. |
| that | 那 (远指,单数) | That is his book. |
| these | 这些 (近指,复数) | These are my friends. |
| those | 那些 (远指,复数) | Those are their bags. |
疑问句
| 类型 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般疑问句 | Be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + ...? | Are you a student? (你是学生吗?) Do you like apples? (你喜欢苹果吗?) |
| 特殊疑问句 | 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句? | What's this in English? (这个用英语怎么说?) Where is my pen? (我的钢笔在哪里?) How old are you? (你多大了?) What color is it? (它是什么颜色?) |
| 选择疑问句 | 一般疑问句 + or + 另一个选项? | Is it a pen or a pencil? (它是钢笔还是铅笔?) |
情态动词 can 的用法
can 表示“能,会”,后面跟动词原形。
- 肯定句:
S + can + V. + ...- 例:
I can sing.(我会唱歌。)
- 例:
- 否定句:
S + can't (cannot) + V. + ...- 例:
He can't dance.(他不会跳舞。)
- 例:
- 一般疑问句:
Can + S + V. + ...?- 例:
Can you play the piano?(你会弹钢琴吗?)
- 例:
- 肯定/否定回答:
- 肯定:
Yes, S + can.(Yes, I can.) - 否定:
No, S + can't.(No, I can't.)
- 肯定:
第四部分:常用句型与交际用语
| 场景 | 常用句型 |
|---|---|
| 打招呼与介绍 | Hello! / Hi! Good morning/afternoon/evening. How are you? I'm fine, thank you. And you? What's your name? My name is... I'm from... Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. |
| 询问物品 | What's this/that in English? It's a/an... Spell it, please. P-E-N. |
| 询问方位 | Where is/are...? It's/They're in/on/under... |
| 谈论喜好 | Do you like...? Yes, I do. / No, I don't. I like... / I don't like... What's your favorite color/food/sport? It's... |
| 谈论能力 | Can you...? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. I can... / I can't... |
| 谈论天气 | How's the weather? It's sunny/rainy/cloudy... |
| 购物与数字 | How much is this/that? It's ten yuan. How much are these/those? They're twenty yuan. I want... / I'd like... |
| 日期与生日 | When is your birthday? It's on... (October 10th). Happy birthday! |
学习建议
- 多听多读: 每天坚持听课本录音、跟读,培养语感。
- 大声朗读: 把单词、课文大声读出来,有助于记忆和发音。
- 分类记忆: 不要孤立地背单词,按主题分类,结合句子来记。
- 整理笔记: 准备一个错题本和语法笔记本,随时记录和复习。
- 多做练习: 通过做题来巩固所学知识,特别是语法和句型转换。
- 敢于开口: 抓住一切机会和同学、老师用英语交流,不要怕犯错。
希望这份总结能帮助你系统地复习七年级英语上册的知识!祝你学习进步!