八年级下册Unit10核心考点有哪些？

单元核心主题

谈论物品的拥有时间 和 谈论经历的持续。

• 核心句型: 主语 + have/has + 物品 + for + 时间段
• 核心句型: 主语 + have/has + 物品 + since + 过去的时间点

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核心语法：现在完成时

这是本单元的重中之重,也是整个初中阶段的语法难点。

定义与用法

现在完成时用来表示：

• 动作从过去开始，持续到现在，并有可能继续下去。（这是本单元的重点）
  • 例句：I have had this book for two years. (这本书我买了两年了，现在还在我这里。)
• 动作在过去某个时间点发生，但对现在有影响或结果。
  • 例句：He has lost his keys. (他把钥匙弄丢了，结果是：他现在进不了门。)

构成

肯定句: 主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词

• I have finished my homework. (我做完作业了。)
• She has lived here for ten years. (她在这里住了十年了。)

否定句: 主语 + have/has + not + 动词的过去分词

• I haven't finished my homework yet. (我还没做完作业。)
• He hasn't seen that movie yet. (他还没看过那部电影。)

一般疑问句: Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?

• — Have you finished your homework? (你做完作业了吗？)
• — Yes, I have. / No, I haven't yet. (是的，做完了。/ 不，还没。)
• — Has she lived here for a long time? (她在这里住了很久吗？)
• — Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't. (是的，她住了。/ 不，她没住。)

核心区别：for vs. since

两者都和现在完成时连用，表示动作的持续时间,但用法不同。

特点	for	since
含义	表示“持续了多长时间” (a period of time)	表示“从什么时候开始” (a point in time)
搭配	时间段 (a period of time)	时间点 (a point in time)
例子	for + two hours, three days, a week, a long time, several years	since + 9 o'clock, Monday, 2025, last week, I was a child

经典例句对比:

• I have lived here for five years. (我在这里住了五年了。)
• I have lived here since 2025. (我从2025年起就住在这里了。)
• He has been ill for a week. (他病了一周了。)
• He has been ill since last Monday. (他从上周一开始生病了。)

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核心词汇与短语

重点单词

• crash v. / n. 碰撞；坠毁
• yard sale 庭院旧货出售
• sweet adj. 甜的；可爱的 (n. 糖果)
• soft adj. 软的；柔和的
• soft toy 毛绒玩具
• bear n. 熊
• maker n. 制造商
• check out 查看；察看
• board game 棋盘游戏
• hundred num. 百
• product n. 产品
• welcome v. 欢迎
• brand n. 品牌
• on earth 究竟；到底 (用于加强语气)
• no longer 不再
• certainly adv. 无疑
• chance n. 机会；可能性
• even though 即使；虽然
• regret v. & n. 遗憾；懊悔
• cent n. 分 (货币单位)
• toy n. 玩具
• part n. 部分；角色
• clear out 清理；丢掉
• bedroom n. 卧室
• noisy adj. 喧闹的；嘈杂的
• as for 至于；就...方面来说
• truth n. 真相；事实
• useless adj. 无用的；无效的
• cause v. & n. 造成；原因
• attention n. 注意力
• else adv. 其他；另外
• harmful adj. 有害的
• check v. 检查；核对

重点短语

• have (has) ... for + 时间段 拥有...多久了
• have (has) ... since + 时间点 从...开始拥有...
• yard sale 庭院旧货出售
• check out 查看；察看
• board game 棋盘游戏
• no longer 不再
• on earth 究竟
• even though 即使；虽然
• clear out 清理；丢掉
• as for 至于
• to be honest 说实话
• first of all 首先
• such as 诸如
• pay for 支付...的费用
• throw away 扔掉
• according to 根据；按照

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核心句型与交际用语

谈论物品拥有时间

• A: How long have you had that bike over there? (你那边的自行车买了多久了？)
• B: I've had it for three years. (我买了三年了。)
• A: Wow, has it been difficult to ride? (哇，骑起来很难吗？)
• B: No, it's been really easy to ride. (不，骑起来很容易。)

谈论清理旧物

• A: What are you doing? (你在做什么？)
• B: I'm cleaning out my closet. I'm giving away some of my things. (我在清理我的衣柜，我打算捐掉一些我的东西。)
• A: What are you going to do with them? (你打算拿它们怎么办？)
• B: I'm going to have a yard sale. I'm also going to sell them on the Internet. (我打算办个庭院旧货出售，我还要在网上卖掉它们。)

表达意见和看法

• A: What do you think of the board game? (你觉得这个棋盘游戏怎么样？)
• B: I think it's really interesting. (我觉得它非常有趣。)
• A: As for me, I don't like noisy toys. (至于我，我不喜欢吵闹的玩具。)
• B: To be honest, I agree with you. (说实话，我同意你的看法。)

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单元常见考点与易错点

1. for 和 since 的混用：

   • 错误：I have lived here since five years.
   • 正确：I have lived here for five years. / I have lived here since 2025.

2. 瞬间动词与延续性动词：

   
   （图片来源网络，侵删）
   • 像 buy (买), borrow (借), start (开始), die (死), leave (离开), come (来), go (去) 这类动词是瞬间动词，它们表示的动作在瞬间完成，不能和 for 或 since 引导的时间段连用。
   • 如果想表达“拥有”或“借用”了一段时间，需要换成延续性动词。
     • buy → have (买 → 拥有)
     • borrow → keep (借 → 保留)
     • die → be dead (死 → 死亡状态)
     • leave → be away from (离开 → 不在)
     • begin/start → be on (开始 → 进行中)
   • 例句：
     • 错误：He has bought the book for two days.
     • 正确：He has had the book for two days. (他拥有这本书两年了。)

3. have been to 和 have gone to 的区别：

   • have been to + 地点 表示“去过某地，现在已经回来了”。

     I have been to Beijing twice. (我去过北京两次。)

   • have gone to + 地点 表示“去了某地，现在还在那里或正在去的路上”。

     He has gone to the library. He isn't here. (他去图书馆了，不在这里。)

4. already, yet, just, ever, never 的位置：

   • already (已经), just (刚刚), ever (曾经), never (从不) 通常放在 have/has 后面，动词过去分词前面。
     • I have already finished my work.
     • She has just arrived.
     • Have you ever been to Japan?
     • I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.
   • yet (还，已经) 用于疑问句和否定句，通常放在句末。
     • Have you finished your homework yet?
     • I haven't finished my homework yet.

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学习建议

1. 语境记忆： 不要孤立地背单词和语法,把它们放到课文和对话中去理解和记忆。
2. 对比学习： 重点对比 for/since、have been to/have gone to、瞬间动词/延续性动词,用表格或思维导图整理清楚。
3. 情景造句： 围绕自己的物品（如书包、手机、玩具）或经历（如学英语、住在这里）用 I have... for/since... 来造句，让语法“活”起来。
4. 听力输入： 反复听课本的录音，模仿语音语调,同时巩固对句型的理解。
5. 写作输出： 写一篇小短文，描述一下你的房间，哪些东西是你很久以前买的，哪些是最近买的,用上本单元的重点句型和词汇。

希望这份详细的梳理能帮助你更好地掌握 Unit 10 的内容！加油！