七年级下册unit12
校园之窗 2025年12月21日 23:10:42 99ANYc3cd6
单元核心概览
- 单元主题: 回忆和谈论过去发生的事情,特别是上个周末的活动。
- 核心语法: 一般过去时
- 核心词汇: 与周末活动、地点、感受相关的动词、名词和形容词。
- 核心句型:
- What did you do last weekend?
- Did you go anywhere?
- Where did you go?
- How was your weekend?
- It was great/good/OK/boring.
核心语法：一般过去时
这是本单元的重中之重,你需要掌握它的构成和用法。
定义
表示在过去某个时间点或时间段内发生的动作或存在的状态。
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构成
主语 + 动词的过去式 + 其他成分
动词过去式的构成规则
| 类型 | 构成规则 | 原形 | 过去式 | 例词 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一般情况 | 直接在动词末尾加 -ed | work | worked | work (工作) |
| 以-e结尾 | 直接加 -d | live | lived | live (居住) |
| “辅音+y”结尾 | 变y为i，再加 -ed | study | studied | study (学习) |
| “元音+y”结尾 | 直接加 -ed | play | played | play (玩) |
| 重读闭音节结尾 | 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed | stop | stopped | stop (停止) plan (计划) -> planned |
| 不规则变化 | 无规则，需要单独记忆 | go | went | go (去) see -> saw (看见) eat -> ate (吃) |
常用不规则动词表（本单元重点）
| 原形 | 过去式 | 中文意思 |
|---|---|---|
| be | was/were | 是 |
| do | did | 做 |
| go | went | 去 |
| have | had | 有，吃 |
| see | saw | 看见 |
| visit | visited | 参观 |
| play | played | 玩，打（球） |
| study | studied | 学习 |
| stop | stopped | 停止 |
| get | got | 得到 |
| sleep | slept | 睡觉 |
| read | read /red/ | 阅读 |
| write | wrote | 写 |
| draw | drew | 画 |
| swim | swam | 游泳 |
| sing | sang | 唱歌 |
| dance | danced | 跳舞 |
| hike | hiked | 远足 |
| camp | camped | 野营 |
| fish | fished | 钓鱼 |
句型变化
- 肯定句: He went to the park yesterday.
- 否定句: He didn't go to the park yesterday. (did + not + 动词原形)
- 一般疑问句: Did he go to the park yesterday? (Did + 主语 + 动词原形...)
- 特殊疑问句: What did he do yesterday? (特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形...)
核心词汇
名词
- weekend /ˌwiːkˈend/ 周末
- park /pɑːrk/ 公园
- beach /biːtʃ/ 海滩
- museum /mjuːˈziːəm/ 博物馆
- zoo /zuː/ 动物园
- cinema /ˈsɪnəmə/ 电影院
- library /ˈlaɪbreri/ 图书馆
- home /hoʊm/ 家
- movie /ˈmuːvi/ 电影
- test /test/ 测验
- camp /kæmp/ 野营
- lake /leɪk/ 湖
- butterfly /ˈbʌtərflaɪ/ 蝴蝶
- cat /kæt/ 猫
- shop /ʃɑːp/ 商店
动词
- do /duː/ 做
- go /ɡoʊ/ 去
- visit /ˈvɪzɪt/ 参观
- play /pleɪ/ 玩，打（球）
- study /ˈstʌdi/ 学习
- watch /wɑːtʃ/ 看
- sleep /sliːp/ 睡觉
- read /riːd/ 阅读
- clean /kliːn/ 打扫
- practice /ˈpræktɪs/ 练习
- cook /kʊk/ 烹饪
- fish /fɪʃ/ 钓鱼
- rent /rent/ 租借
- hike /haɪk/ 远足
- swim /swɪm/ 游泳
- sing /sɪŋ/ 唱歌
- dance /dæns/ 跳舞
形容词
- great /ɡreɪt/ 棒极了
- good /ɡʊd/ 好的
- fine /faɪn/ 好的
- OK /oʊˈkeɪ/ 还可以
- bad /bæd/ 坏的
- terrible /ˈterəbl/ 糟糕的
- boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ 无聊的
- busy /ˈbɪzi/ 忙碌的
- relaxing /rɪˈlæksɪŋ/ 放松的
- happy /ˈhæpi/ 开心的
- sad /sæd/ 伤心的
疑问词
- What 什么
- Where 哪里
- When 什么时候
- Who 谁
- Why 为什么
- How 怎样，如何
核心句型与对话
谈论周末活动
- A: What did you do last weekend? (你上周末做了什么？)
- B: I did my homework and watched TV. (我做了作业，还看了电视。)
- B: I played basketball with my friends. (我和我朋友打了篮球。)
- B: I visited my grandparents. (我去看望了我的祖父母。)
谈论周末去向
- A: Did you go out last night? (你昨晚出去了吗？)
- B: No, I didn't. I stayed at home. (没有，我待在家里。)
- A: Where did you go on Saturday? (你周六去了哪里？)
- B: I went to the beach. (我去了海滩。)
评价周末
- A: How was your weekend? (你的周末怎么样？)
- B: It was great! (棒极了！)
- B: It was good. (挺好的。)
- B: It was OK. (还行吧。)
- B: It was a bit boring. (有点无聊。)
经典对话示例
A: Hi, Lisa! How was your weekend? B: Hi, Tom! It was great. What did you do? A: Not much. I stayed at home on Saturday. Did you go anywhere? B: Yes, I did. I went to the countryside with my family. A: Oh, nice! What did you do there? B: We went hiking on a small mountain and had a picnic near a lake. It was very relaxing. A: Sounds fun!
课文与重点短语
重点短语
- do one's homework 做作业
- go to the movies 去看电影
- play soccer 踢足球
- visit a museum 参观博物馆
- go to the beach 去海滩
- study for a test 为考试而学习
- have a party 举办派对
- stay at home 待在家里
- practice English 练习英语
- clean my room 打扫我的房间
- go shopping 去购物
- go camping 去野营
- go fishing 去钓鱼
- go hiking 去远足
- the day before yesterday 前天
- the day after tomorrow 后天
课文要点 (通常围绕一个故事展开)
- 例如: 《What did you do last weekend?》这篇课文可能会讲一个叫Clara的女孩的周末。
- Saturday morning: She stayed at home and cleaned her room.
- Saturday afternoon: She went to the library and read some books.
- Saturday evening: She watched a movie on TV.
- Sunday morning: She went camping with her parents. They went hiking and saw some beautiful butterflies.
- Sunday afternoon: They went fishing by a lake. They didn't catch any fish, but they had a great time.
- Conclusion: Her weekend was busy but great!
学习建议
- 攻克不规则动词: 制作一个不规则动词表，每天背10-15个，反复记忆,直到滚瓜烂熟。
- 情景造句: 不要只背单词和规则，用新学的单词和句型造句，用
go, see, visit造出三个一般过去时的句子。 - 开口说: 和同学练习对话，或者自问自答，比如问自己 "What did I do yesterday morning?"，然后回答 "I brushed my teeth."
- 听力输入: 多听课本配套的录音,感受一般过去时的语音语调。
- 阅读巩固: 找一些简单的英文小故事或短文，看看里面有多少一般过去时的句子,尝试理解它们的意思。
希望这份详细的梳理能帮助你更好地掌握Unit 12的内容！加油！
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