人教版八上英语语法重点有哪些？

校园之窗 2025年12月13日 08:46:27 99ANYc3cd6 1 0

人教版英语八年级上册核心语法点

八年级上册重点学习了两种表达将来时的方式。

will + 动词原形

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核心用法：表示对未来的预测、意愿、承诺或临时决定。
结构：
- 肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他.
- 否定句：主语 + won't (will not) + 动词原形 + 其他.
- 一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
  - 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + will.
  - 否定回答：No, 主语 + won't.
标志词：tomorrow, next week/month/year, in the future, soon 等。
例句：
- I think it will rain tomorrow. (预测)
- She promised that she would help me. (承诺)
- The phone is ringing. I will get it. (临时决定)

be going to + 动词原形

核心用法：表示已经计划好或打算要做某事，或根据现有迹象预测即将要发生某事。
结构：
- 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形 + 其他.
- 否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他.
- 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
  - 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are.
  - 否定回答：No, 主语 + am/is/are + not.
标志词：plan, decide, want, hope 等表示计划的词。
例句：
- I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend. (计划)
- Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. (迹象预测)

【重点区分】

计划 vs. 预测：be going to 侧重计划，will 侧重预测或临时决定。
- I'm going to watch a movie tonight. (我计划好了)
- I'm tired. I will go to bed early. (临时决定)
计划 vs. 意愿：be going to 表示计划，will 表示意愿。
- I'm going to call him. (我打算打电话)
- I will call him. (我愿意打电话/我会打电话的)

八年级上册主要学习了 should 和 could。

should

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核心用法：表示建议、应该做某事。
结构：should + 动词原形
否定形式：shouldn't (should not) + 动词原形
例句：
- You should eat more vegetables. (建议)
- He shouldn't stay up late. (不应该)

could

核心用法：
1. can 的过去式：表示过去的能力。
  - I could swim when I was five.
2. 委婉的请求或许可：比 can 更客气。
  - Could you please help me? (比 Can you...? 更礼貌)
  - Yes, I can. / No, sorry, I can't.

这是八年级上册的绝对重点和难点。

构成规则

类型	构成方法	原级	比较级	最高级	例句
单音节词	直接加 `-er` / `-est`	`tall`	`taller`	`tallest`	He is taller than his brother.
	以不发音的 `e`	`nice`	`nicer`	`nicest`	This story is nicer.
	以“辅音字母+y”结尾	`happy`	`happier`	`happiest`	She is happier now.
	以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母	`big`	`bigger`	`biggest`	A elephant is bigger than a tiger.
多音节词	在词前加 `more` / `most`	`beautiful`	`more beautiful`	`most beautiful`	The garden is more beautiful.
部分双音节词	可加 `-er` / `-est` 或 `more` / `most`	`clever`	`cleverer` / `more clever`	`cleverest` / `most clever`	He is cleverer than I.

基本句型

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比较级：
- A + be + 比较级 + than + B (A比B更...)
  - Tom is taller than Mike.
- A + 动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B
  - She runs faster than me.
最高级：
- A + be + the + 最高级 + (in/of...) (A在...中最...)
  - Tom is the tallest (in his class).
  - This is the most beautiful (of all the pictures).
- One of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 (最...的之一)
  - The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.

【重点注意】

比较级前可用 much, a lot, even, still, a little, bit 等修饰，表示程度。
- This book is much more interesting than that one.
两者比较用比较级，三者或以上比较用最高级。
自身不能和自身比较，错误：He is taller than himself. 正确：He is taller than his brother.

too...to... 句型

含义：“太...以至于不能...”,表示否定。
结构：too + 形容词/副词 + to + 动词原形
例句：
- The box is too heavy to carry. (这个箱子太重了，搬不动。)
- He runs too fast to follow. (他跑得太快了，跟不上。)

so...that... 句型

含义：“..以至于...”，so 修饰形容词或副词，that 引导结果状语从句。
结构：so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句
例句：
- He was so excited that he couldn't speak. (他如此激动以至于说不出话来。)
- The music is so loud that I can't hear you. (音乐太大声了，我听不见你说话。)

【too...to... 和 so...that... 的转换】

too...to... = so...that... + can't/couldn't
- The box is too heavy to carry.
- The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.

宾语从句在句子中充当宾语，通常由 that, if, whether, what, when, where, how, why 等引导。

引导词

that：无实际意义，只起连接作用，在口语和非正式文体中常省略。
I know (that) he is a good student.
if / whether：意为“是否”，if 通常口语化，whether 更正式，且可与 or not 连用。
- I don't know if/whether he will come.
- I wonder whether or not it is true.
特殊疑问词：what, who, which, when, where, why, how 等，它们在从句中要充当相应的句子成分。
- Can you tell me where the library is? (where 在从句中作地点状语)
- I don't know what he wants. (what 在从句中作 wants 的宾语)

语序

宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序 (主语 + 谓语)，即使主句是疑问句。
- 错误：Do you know where is he from?
- 正确：Do you know where he is from?

时态一致

主句是现在时或将来时，从句可用任何所需要的时态。
- He says he will finish his homework tomorrow.
主句是过去时，从句的时态要相应地“后退”一步（即“过去的过去”）。
- He said he was busy. (现在时 is -> 过去时 was)
- He said he would come. (将来时 will -> 过去将来时 would)
- He said he had seen the film. (现在完成时 have seen -> 过去完成时 had seen)