九年级英语被动语态如何掌握核心考点？

校园之窗 2026年1月11日 03:44:48 99ANYc3cd6 1 0

什么是被动语态？

我们要理解主动语态和被动语态的区别。

主动语态：句子的主语是动作的发出者（执行者）。
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- 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语
- 例句：Tom (主语/发出者) broke (谓语动词) the window (宾语).
- 翻译：汤姆打破了窗户。
被动语态：句子的主语是动作的承受者（接受者）。
- 结构：主语 + be + 动词的过去分词 + (by + 动作发出者)
- 例句：The window (主语/承受者) was broken (被动语态) by Tom (by短语，可省略).
- 翻译：窗户被汤姆打破了。

核心要点：当动作的发出者不重要、不知道或不需指明时,我们常用被动语态。

被动语态的基本结构是：be + 动词的过去分词

这个结构中的 be 动词需要根据时态和主语的人称、数进行变化。

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这是被动语态的灵魂,你需要熟练掌握常用动词的过去分词形式。

规则变化：与动词过去式相同，通常在词尾加 -ed。
- work → worked → worked
- ask → asked → asked
- play → played → played
不规则变化：需要单独记忆。
- do → did → done
- write → wrote → written
- see → saw → seen
- eat → ate → eaten
- go → went → gone
- make → made → made

九年级主要掌握以下几种时态的被动语态：

时态	结构	例句
一般现在时	`am / is / are + 过去分词**	English is spoken in many countries. (许多国家说英语。)
一般过去时	`was / were + 过去分词**	This bridge was built in 2010. (这座桥建于2010年。)
一般将来时	`will be + 过去分词**	A new school will be built next year. (一所新学校将在明年建成。)
含情态动词	`can / may / must / should... + be + 过去分词**	You should be punished for what you did. (你应为你的行为受到惩罚。)
现在完成时	`have / has been + 过去分词**	The homework has been finished already. (作业已经完成了。)
过去进行时	`was / were being + 过去分词**	The house was being repaired at that time. (那时那座房子正在被修理。)

为什么要用被动语态？主要有以下几种情况：

不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
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- My bike was stolen yesterday. (我的昨天自行车被偷了。) → 不知道谁偷的。
- A new hospital has been built in our city. (我们城市建了一家新医院。) → 重点是“医院被建了”，而不是“谁建的”。
需要强调动作的承受者。
- This book was written by Lu Xun. (这本书是鲁迅写的。) → 强调“这本书”，而不是“鲁迅”。
- The plan was supported by everyone. (这个计划得到了每个人的支持。) → 强调“计划”。
动作的执行者是不言而喻的，或者是我们不想提及的。
- Laws must be obeyed. (法律必须被遵守。) → 执行者是“每个人”,无需指明。
- Mistakes were made. (出错了。) → 可能是“我”或“我们”,但不想强调责任。

这是一个非常重要的技能,必须掌握！

步骤口诀：一变、二提、三留、四变

我们以主动句 Many people speak English. 为例。

一变 (Change the object to subject)
- 将主动句的宾语 English 变成被动句的主语。
- → English ...
二提 (Change the verb to passive form)
- 将主动句的谓语动词 speak 变成被动形式 is spoken。
- → English is spoken ...
三留 (Keep the rest)
- 将主动句的主语 Many people 变成 by 短语 by many people，放在句末，如果不需要,可以省略。
- → English is spoken by many people.
四变 (Change subject to object)
- 将主动句的主语 Many people 变为被动句的宾语，放在 by 后面，如果主语是代词，要变成宾格形式（如 I → me, he → him）。
- → English is spoken by many people.

完整示例：

主动句：The teacher (主语) asked (谓语) us (宾语) a question (直接宾语).

变被动时,通常选择直接宾语作主语。

被动句：A question was asked (by the teacher).

一个动词后面跟了两个宾语（通常是“人”和“物”），变被动时，两个宾语都可以作主语。

主动句：He gave me a book. (他给了我一本书。)
- 物作主语：A book was given to me. (一本书被给了我。)
- 人作主语：I was given a book. (我被给了一本书。)
主动句：My mother bought me a new coat. (我妈妈给我买了一件新外套。)
- 物作主语：A new coat was bought for me. (一件新外套为我被买了。)
- 人作主语：I was bought a new coat. (我被买了一件新外套。)

口诀：“人”作主语，to 或 for 要省略；“物”作主语，to 或 for 要加上。

有些动词（如 make, let, see, hear, watch 等）在主动句中后接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，变被动语态时，这个不定式必须加上 to。

不及物动词：没有宾语的动词,没有被动语态。
- 错误：The sun is risen.
- 正确：The sun rises in the east. (太阳从东方升起。)
- 常见不及物动词：happen, rise, fall, appear, disappear 等。
系动词：如 be, feel, look, seem, taste 等，描述主语状态,没有被动语态。
- 错误：The soup is tasted delicious.
- 正确：The soup tastes delicious. (这汤尝起来很美味。)
表示状态的动词：如 have, cost, last 等。
- 错误：This book was had by me for a week.
- 正确：I have had this book for a week. (这本书我有一周了。)

选择正确的被动形式。

A new bridge ____ over the river last year. A. is built B. was built C. builds
The homework ____ must be handed in tomorrow. A. finish B. finished C. is finished
Trees ____ to keep the air clean. A. should plant B. should be planted C. are planted

将主动句变为被动句。