初中英语作文定语从句如何运用？

作文示例 2025年12月18日 17:06:12 99ANYc3cd6 1 0

什么是定语从句？

我们要理解它的基本概念。

定语：就是用来修饰、限定名词或代词的成分，在句子 "I like the red car." 中，"red" 就是定语，修饰名词 "car"。
从句：就是一个含有主语和谓语,但不能独立成句的句子。

定语从句，顾名思义，就是一个充当定语的从句，它紧跟在它所修饰的名词（或代词）后面,对这个名词进行更详细的说明。

（图片来源网络，侵删）

结构公式：

被修饰的名词 (先行词) + 关系词 + 从句

举例说明：

简单句： The girl is my friend. (这个女孩是我的朋友。)
我们想补充说明“哪个女孩”。
（图片来源网络，侵删）
加入定语从句： The girl who is wearing a red dress is my friend.
- The girl 是先行词 (被修饰的名词)。
- who is wearing a red dress 是定语从句。
- who 是关系词，它连接了主句和从句,并且在从句中作主语。
- 整个句子的意思是：“那个穿着红色连衣裙的女孩是我的朋友。”

定语从句的核心：关系词

关系词是定语从句的灵魂,它有两个主要作用：

连接主句和从句。
代替先行词，并在从句中充当一个成分（主语、宾语或状语）。

初中阶段需要掌握的核心关系词主要有三个：that, which, who。

关系词	指代对象	在从句中成分	例句
that	人或物	主语或宾语	The book that I bought yesterday is interesting. (我昨天买的那本书很有趣。) The girl that you met is my sister. (你遇到的那个女孩是我妹妹。)
which	物	主语或宾语	The movie which we watched last night was wonderful. (我们昨晚看的那部电影很精彩。) The pen which is on the desk is mine. (桌上的那支笔是我的。)
who	人	主语或宾语	The boy who is playing basketball is my classmate. (那个正在打篮球的男孩是我的同学。) The person who you are looking for is not here. (你在找的那个人不在这里。)

特别提醒：

that 非常万能，既可以指人也可以指物，在初中阶段，如果不确定用哪个，用 that 通常是最安全的选择。
who 只能指代人。
which 只能指代物。

如何在作文中运用定语从句？（三步法）

第一步：找到需要修饰的名词（先行词） 在你的草稿中，先找到那些你觉得可以描述得更具体、更生动的名词。

（图片来源网络，侵删）

第二步：选择合适的关系词 根据先行词是“人”还是“物”，以及关系词在从句中需要充当的成分（主语还是宾语），选择 who, which 或 that。

第三步：完成从句 把关系词放到从句中合适的位置，然后补充完整从句的其余部分（主语、谓语等）。

作文实战演练

让我们通过一个常见的作文题目来练习：《我最好的朋友》 (My Best Friend)

【草稿版 - 没有定语从句】

I have a best friend. Her name is Lily. She is a girl. She is 14 years old. She has long hair. She is kind and helpful. I like her very much. She often helps me with my English. I am happy to have her.

这段话虽然语法正确，但是句子结构单一，全是简单句,显得很枯燥。

【升级版 - 加入定语从句】

我们来用定语从句丰富它。

描述 Lily 的名字：
- 原句: Her name is Lily.
- 升级: My best friend is a girl whose name is Lily.
  - whose 也是关系词，表示“……的”，这里表示“她的”,这是初中一个重要的拓展。
- 或者: I have a best friend who is named Lily. (我有一个叫莉莉的好朋友。)
  - who 指代 a best friend,在从句中作主语。
描述 Lily 的外貌和性格：
- 原句: She has long hair. She is kind and helpful.
- 升级: She is a kind and helpful girl who has long hair.
  - who 指代 a kind and helpful girl,在从句中作主语。
描述 Lily 帮助我：
- 原句: She often helps me with my English.
- 升级: She is the person who often helps me with my English.
  - who 指代 the person,在从句中作主语。
- 或者: The help that she gives me is very important. (她给我的帮助非常重要。)
  - that 指代 The help,在从句中作宾语。

【最终作文范文】

My Best Friend

I have a best friend who is named Lily. She is a 14-year-old girl that I have known for three years. She is a kind and helpful girl who is always ready to help others.

What I admire most about her is her passion for knowledge. She is the person who often encourages me to read more books and never gives up on my dreams. Last month, I failed an important math exam and felt very sad. It was Lily who comforted me and helped me go over the difficult problems that I couldn't understand.

Having a friend like Lily is one of the greatest things in my life. I believe our friendship will last forever.

范文解析：

...a best friend who is named Lily. (修饰 friend)
...a 14-year-old girl that I have known for three years. (修饰 girl)
...a kind and helpful girl who is always ready to help others. (修饰 girl)
...the person who often encourages me... (修饰 person)
...It was Lily who comforted me... (强调句,也是定语从句的一种变体)
...the difficult problems that I couldn't understand. (修饰 problems)

常见错误与注意事项

关系词的误用：
- 错误：The book who I bought is good. (书是物，不能用 who)
- 正确：The book which/that I bought is good.
关系词的缺失：
- 错误：The girl (关系词缺失) is my sister is tall. (从句 is my sister is tall 缺少主语)
- 正确：The girl who is my sister is tall.
定语从句不完整：
- 错误：I like the book that you bought yesterday. (这个句子是正确的！但很多同学会忘记，如果关系词在从句中作宾语，可以省略。)
- 正确且可以省略关系词：I like the book (that) you bought yesterday.
- 错误：The man that I talked to him is my teacher. (关系词 that 在从句中作 talked to 的宾语，后面不能再用 him)
- 正确：The man that/who/whom I talked to is my teacher. 或者 The man to whom I talked is my teacher. (后者高中阶段更常用)