定语从句在英语作文中如何正确运用?
作文示例 2026年1月25日 21:16:36 99ANYc3cd6
定语从句是英语中一个非常重要的语法结构,它就像一个“高级胶水”,能把两个简单的句子巧妙地连接起来,让句子结构更紧凑、表达更丰富、逻辑更清晰,一篇优秀的英语作文,离不开对定语从句的熟练运用。
这篇指南将分为以下几个部分:

- 什么是定语从句? (快速回顾核心概念)
- 为什么在作文中使用定语从句? (它的三大好处)
- 如何选择关系词? (最关键、最容易出错的部分)
- 实战应用:在作文中不同场景的运用
- 常见错误与避坑指南
- 优秀范文与仿写练习
什么是定语从句?
定语从句就是一个用来修饰名词或代词的句子,它跟在它所修饰的词(我们称之为“先行词”或“antecedent”)后面。
- 先行词: 被修饰的名词或代词。
- 关系词: 连接先行词和定语从句的词,包括 关系代词 和 关系副词。
基本结构:
先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
例子拆解:
- 简单句: The man is my teacher. (那个人是我的老师。)
- 另一个信息: He is standing over there. (他正站在那边。)
- 用定语从句合并: The man who is standing over there is my teacher.
The man是 先行词。who是 关系代词,指代The man,并在从句中作主语。is standing over there是 定语从句,用来描述The man。
为什么在作文中使用定语从句?
在写作中,熟练使用定语从句能带来立竿见影的提升:

-
避免句子碎片化:
- 平淡: I saw a movie. It was very interesting. (我看了部电影,它很有趣。)
- 提升: I saw a movie that was very interesting. (我看了部很有趣的电影。)
- 效果: 将两个简单句合并成一个结构更复杂的句子,显得更流畅、专业。
-
丰富句子信息量:
- 平淡: The book is on the desk. (书在桌上。)
- 提升: The book which I bought yesterday is on the desk. (我昨天买的那本书在桌上。)
- 效果: 在一个句子里就交代了“书”和“昨天买的”这两个信息,表达更高效。
-
展示语言驾驭能力:
在雅思、托福、高考等英语考试中,正确、多样地使用定语从句是获得高分作文的关键之一,它直接体现了你的语法功底和语言组织能力。
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如何选择关系词?(重中之重!)
选择关系词的核心原则是:看先行词在从句中充当的成分。
| 关系词 | 指代先行词 | 在从句中成分 | 使用场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| that | 人/物 | 主语/宾语 | 最通用,但在非限制性定语从句、介词后不用 |
| which | 物 | 主语/宾语 | 指物,在非限制性定语从句中必须用 |
| who | 人 | 主语 | 指人 |
| whom | 人 | 宾语 | 指人,正式语体,可用 who/that 代替 |
| whose | 人/物 | 定语 (表示...的) | 表所属关系,后接名词 |
| where | 地点 | 地点状语 (in/on/at...) | 先行词是表示地点的名词 |
| when | 时间 | 时间状语 (in/on/at...) | 先行词是表示时间的名词 |
| why | 原因 | 原因状语 (for...) | 先行词是 reason |
快速判断口诀:
- 缺主语/宾语,用
that/which/who - 缺定语(...的),用
whose - 缺地点状语,用
where - 缺时间状语,用
when - 缺原因状语,用
why
实战应用:在作文中不同场景的运用
让我们通过具体的作文主题来练习。
描述人物
主题:描述你的一位敬佩的人
-
平淡表达:
- My grandfather is a great man. He has worked hard all his life. (我爷爷是个伟人,他一生都在努力工作。)
- He always encourages me. His words are very powerful. (他总是鼓励我,他的话很有力量。)
-
运用定语从句:
- My grandfather, who has worked hard all his life, is a great man. (将信息合并,强调爷爷的身份)
- He always encourages me with words that are full of wisdom and strength. (用
that引导从句,修饰words,并在从句中作主语) - The person whom I admire most is my grandfather. (用
whom作宾语,可以换成who或that)
描述事物/地点
主题:描述你最喜欢的城市
-
平淡表达:
- I like Beijing. It has a long history. (我喜欢北京,它有悠久的历史。)
- I visited the Forbidden City. It was amazing. (我参观了故宫,它很令人惊叹。)
-
运用定语从句:
- Beijing which has a history of over 3,000 years is my favorite city. (用
which引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明北京的历史) - The Forbidden City, where ancient emperors once lived, is a must-visit place. (用
where引导从句,修饰Forbidden City,表示地点) - I will never forget the days when I explored the hutongs with my friends. (用
when引导从句,修饰days,表示时间)
- Beijing which has a history of over 3,000 years is my favorite city. (用
表达观点/议论
主题:讨论科技对生活的影响
-
平淡表达:
- Smartphones are very useful. They connect people. (智能手机很有用,它们连接了人们。)
- We should use technology properly. It can be a double-edged sword. (我们应该合理使用科技,它可能是一把双刃剑。)
-
运用定语从句:
- Smartphones, which have become an indispensable part of our lives, connect people across the globe. (用
which引导非限制性从句,增加背景信息) - Technology is a double-edged sword that can bring both convenience and potential harm. (用
that引导从句,修饰sword,并在从句中作主语) - We should learn to use technology whose benefits far outweigh its drawbacks. (用
whose引导从句,表示“科技的”,作定语)
- Smartphones, which have become an indispensable part of our lives, connect people across the globe. (用
常见错误与避坑指南
-
关系词重复使用
- 错误: The book that I bought that is very interesting.
- 正确: The book that I bought is very interesting. / The book which I bought is very interesting.
- 分析: 关系词只出现一次,连接先行词和从句。
-
在介词后错误使用
that- 错误: The pen that you are writing with is mine.
- 正确: The pen with which you are writing is mine. / The pen that/which you are writing with is mine. (介词可放句末)
- 分析: 介词后只能用
which或whom,不能用that。
-
that和which混淆(尤其在非限制性从句中)- 错误: My father, that is a doctor, often helps others.
- 正确: My father, who is a doctor, often helps others.
- 分析: 非限制性定语从句(用逗号隔开)不能用
that,指人用who,指物用which。
-
who和whom混淆- 错误: The professor who I consulted gave me some good advice.
- 正确: The professor whom/who/that I consulted gave me good advice.
- 分析: 在口语和非正式写作中,
who可以代替whom作宾语,在正式写作中,如果关系词在从句中作宾语,用whom更严谨,但考试中,用who或that通常也能接受。
优秀范文与仿写练习
范文主题:The Importance of Reading
Reading is a lifelong journey that enriches our minds and souls. The books which we read act as windows, opening up worlds that we could never otherwise access. They introduce us to characters who face challenges and triumph over adversity, teaching us valuable lessons about life. For instance, a novel that I read last year, The Little Prince, presented a perspective whose simplicity and depth left a profound impact on me. In an era when information is constantly bombarding us, the ability to critically engage with a text is more important than ever. Therefore, we should all cultivate the habit of reading, not just for knowledge, but for the wisdom that it imparts.
中文翻译: 阅读是一场丰富我们心智与灵魂的终身旅程,我们读的书就像一扇扇窗户,打开了我们 otherwise 永远无法触及的世界,它们向我们介绍了那些面临挑战并最终战胜逆境的人物,教会了我们关于生活的宝贵教训,我去年读的一本小说《小王子》,其蕴含的朴素与深刻的视角给我留下了深远的影响,在这个信息不断轰炸我们的时代,能够批判性地理解文本的能力比以往任何时候都更加重要,我们都应该培养阅读的习惯,不仅仅是为了获取知识,更是为了它所传授的智慧。
仿写练习: 请尝试用定语从句描述你最喜欢的一部电影。
提示:
- 这是一部电影。
- 它是关于...的。
- 我在...时候看的。
- 电影里的主角是...。
- 电影的结局是...的。
参考句式:
- My favorite movie is __, which is about __.
- The main character, whose name is __, is a very __ person.
- I first watched it when I was __, a time when I felt __.
- The ending, which was __, left me thinking about __.
定语从句是英语写作的“利器”,想要用好它,关键在于:
- 多读: 阅读优秀的英文文章,观察作者是如何使用定语从句的。
- 多练: 在自己的写作中刻意使用,先从简单的
that/which/who开始,逐步尝试whose/where/when。 - 多想: 写完句子后,检查一下关系词用得是否正确,先行词和从句的逻辑关系是否清晰。
从今天起,试着将你作文中的简单句“升级”一下吧!祝你写作进步!