八年级下册英语第四单元知识点

下面我为你梳理了本单元的核心知识点、重点句型和语法结构，并附上了一些练习题,希望能帮助你系统地复习和掌握。

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单元核心话题

核心话题： Problems and Advice (问题与建议) 核心功能：

1. 描述问题: 描述自己或朋友遇到的麻烦。
2. 提出建议: 针对问题给出合理的建议。
3. 表达感受: 谈论问题带来的情绪影响。

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核心词汇

与问题相关的名词

• problem /'prɒbləm/ n. 问题，难题
• outgoing /'aʊtɡəʊɪŋ/ adj. 外向的
• better /'betə(r)/ adj. & adv. (good/well的比较级) 更好的；更好地
• loudly /'laʊdli/ adv. 大声地，响亮地
• hard-working /ˌhɑːd 'wɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 工作努力的，勤奋的
• competition /ˌkɒmpə'tɪʃn/ n. 比赛，竞赛
• fantastic /fæn'tæstɪk/ adj. 极好的，了不起的
• which /wɪtʃ/ pron. & adj. 哪一个；哪些
• clearly /'klɪəli/ adv. 清晰地，明显地
• win /wɪn/ v. 赢，获胜
• though /ðəʊ/ conj. 虽然，尽管 (与although/though不能连用)
• instead /ɪn'sted/ adv. 代替，反而
• model /'mɒdl/ n. 模型；榜样
• sand /sænd/ n. 沙子
• instead of 代替，而不是
• mirror /'mɪrə(r)/ n. 镜子
• hobby /'hɒbi/ n. 业余爱好
• however /haʊ'evə(r)/ conj. 可是
• push /pʊʃ/ v. & n. 推；推动
• rather than 而不是
• issue /'ɪʃuː/ n. 问题，议题
• communicate /kə'mjuːnɪkeɪt/ v. 沟通，交流
• argue /'ɑːgjuː/ v. 争论，争吵
• proper /'prɒpə(r)/ adj. 正确的，恰当的
• communicate with sb. 与某人交流
• get on (well) with sb. 与某人相处(得好)
• argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
• communicate sth. to sb. 把某事传达给某人

与建议相关的动词/短语

• should /ʃʊd/ modal v. 应该
• could /kʊd/ modal v. 可以，能够 (提出更委婉的建议)
• talk /tɔːk/ v. 谈话
• say /seɪ/ v. 说
• communicate /kə'mjuːnɪkeɪt/ v. 沟通
• explain /ɪk'spleɪn/ v. 解释，说明
• ask /ɑːsk/ v. 询问
• share /ʃeə(r)/ v. 分享，分担
• join /dʒɔɪn/ v. 参加，加入
• `should do sth. 应该做某事
• could do sth. 可以做某事
• why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事呢？
• what/how about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？
• let's do sth. 让我们做某事吧。
• try to do sth. 尽力做某事
• `go to a movie 去看电影
• `surf the internet 上网
• `write him a letter 写信给他

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核心句型与功能表达

描述问题

• What's the matter? / What's wrong? / What's the trouble?

  怎么了？出什么事了？

• I have a problem.

  我有个问题。

• I'm not happy because...

  我不高兴，因为……

• I argued with my best friend.

  我和我最好的朋友吵架了。

  
  （图片来源网络，侵删）
• There's too much pressure.

  压力太大了。

• I have to study too much.

  我不得不学习太多。

提出建议

• You should talk to him about it.

  你应该和他谈谈这件事。

• You could write him a letter.

  你可以给他写封信。

• Why not talk to him?

  为什么不和他谈谈呢？

• What about asking him to explain?

  请求他解释一下怎么样？

• You'd better say sorry to him.

  你最好向他道歉。

• Let's go to a movie.

  我们去看电影吧。

• Maybe you should call him up.

  也许你应该给他打电话。

表达感受与看法

• I'm really upset.

  我真的很难过。

• I feel stressed out.

  我感到压力很大。

• I'm very tired.

  我很累。

• That's a good idea.

  那是个好主意。

• I don't agree.

  我不同意。

• I think you should...

  我认为你应该……

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核心语法点

情态动词 should 的用法

这是本单元最重要的语法点。

• 含义: 表示“应该”,提出建议或劝告。

• 特点:

  1. 后面跟动词原形。
  2. 没有人称和数的变化。
  3. 否定形式是 should not，缩写为 shouldn't。

• 结构:

  • 肯定句: 主语 + should + 动词原形 + ...
    • You should talk to your parents. (你应该和你的父母谈谈。)
    • He should finish his homework. (他应该完成他的作业。)
  • 否定句: 主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形 + ...
    • You shouldn't watch too much TV. (你不应该看太多电视。)
    • She shouldn't be so noisy. (她不应该这么吵闹。)
  • 一般疑问句: Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
    • Should I ask him for help? (我应该向他求助吗？)
    • 回答: Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't.
  • 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 + should + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
    • What should I do? (我该怎么办？)
    • Why should he apologize? (他为什么要道歉？)

Why don't you...? / Why not...? 句型

这也是提出建议的常用句型，比 should 更口语化、更委婉。

• 含义: 为什么不……呢？相当于 Why not do...?
• 结构:
  • Why don't you + 动词原形 + ...?
    • Why don't you join an English club? (你为什么不加入一个英语俱乐部呢？)
  • Why not + 动词原形 + ...? (更简洁)
    • Why not join an English club? (为什么不加入一个英语俱乐部呢？)

so...that... 句型

• 含义: …以至于……,用来表示结果。
• 结构: so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句 (结果)
  • He is so young that he can't go to school. (他太小了，以至于不能去上学。)
  • The box is so heavy that I can't carry it. (这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。)

until 的用法

• 含义: 直到……才……；在……以前。
• 结构: not ... until ... (否定句，强调动作直到某个时间才开始)
  • I didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night. (我昨晚直到11点才睡觉。)
  • = I stayed up until 11 o'clock last night. (我昨晚熬夜到11点。)

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单元易错点与辨析

1. problem vs. question

   • problem: 指需要解决的“难题、麻烦”。
     • I have a math problem. (我有一道数学难题。)
   • question: 指需要回答的“问题、疑问”。
     • Can you answer my question? (你能回答我的问题吗？)

2. say, speak, talk, tell

   • say: 强调说的。 say sth.
     • He said "hello" to me. (他向我问好。)
   • speak: 强调说的动作，或说某种语言。 speak + 语言
     • Can you speak English? (你会说英语吗？)
   • talk: 强调与人交谈。 talk to/with sb. about sth.
     • Let's talk about the movie. (我们来聊聊这部电影吧。)
   • tell: 强调“告诉”，后面常接人或故事。 tell sb. sth. / tell a story
     • Please tell me the truth. (请告诉我真相。)

3. too...to... vs. so...that...

   • 两者都表示“太……以至于不能……”,可以互换。
   • too...to... 结构简单。
     • The box is too heavy to lift. (这个箱子太重了，搬不起来。)
   • so...that... 结构更完整，从句是完整的句子。
     • The box is so heavy that I can't lift it. (这个箱子太重了，以至于我搬不起来。)

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单元达标练习

单项选择

1. — What's __ with you? — I have a headache. A. wrong B. the matter C. A and B

2. You should __ more water every day. A. drink B. drinks C. drinking

3. — I'm always stressed out before exams. — You __ listen to music to relax. A. should B. can C. must

4. Why not __ your teacher for help? A. ask B. to ask C. asking

5. The boy is __ young __ go to school. A. too; to B. so; that C. very; to

情景交际

从方框中选择合适的选项补全对话。

A: Hi, Tom. You look sad. 1. ___________? B: I argued with my best friend, Lily. A: 2. ___________? What happened? B: She borrowed my new dictionary and lost it. I was very angry with her. A: I see. 3. ___________? You should talk to her and tell her how you feel. B: 4. ___________? It's too difficult. A: 5. ___________. Maybe you could write her a letter first. B: That's a good idea. Thanks for your advice.

A. Why don't you talk to her? B. What's the matter? C. What should I do? D. Why not write her a letter? E. I don't think so.

句型转换

1. You should finish your homework on time. (改为否定句) You __ __ finish your homework on time.

2. He is so tired that he can't walk any further. (改为同义句) He is __ tired __ walk any further.

3. Why don't you go hiking with us? (改为同义句) __ __ go hiking with us?

4. I didn't leave until the rain stopped. (改为同义句) I stayed there __ the rain stopped.

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参考答案：

单项选择

1. C
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. A

情景交际

1. B
2. C
3. A
4. E
5. D

句型转换

1. shouldn't, have to / should
2. too, to
3. Why not
4. until

希望这份详细的总结对你有帮助！语言学习在于多听、多说、多练，把这些知识点应用到实际对话中，你的英语一定会进步得很快！加油！