八年级上册英语知识点有哪些重点难点？

八年级上册英语核心知识点总结

第一部分：词法

重点词汇分类

1. 形容词

   • 描述人的品质: outgoing (外向的), quiet (安静的), hard-working (勤奋的), lazy (懒惰的), funny (滑稽的), serious (严肃的)
   • 描述事物/感受: fantastic (极好的), expensive (昂贵的), cheap (便宜的), comfortable (舒适的), terrible (糟糕的), awful (糟糕的), boring (无聊的), interesting (有趣的), important (重要的), difficult (困难的), easy (容易的), different (不同的), same (相同的), popular (受欢迎的), unhealthy (不健康的), free (空闲的)

2. 副词

   
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   • 程度副词: very, so, too, quite, really, extremely
   • 频率副词: always (总是), usually (, often (经常), sometimes (有时), hardly ever (几乎不), never (从不)
   • 方式副词: quickly (快地), slowly (慢地), loudly (大声地), quietly (安静地)
   • 地点副词: here, there, home, abroad
   • 时间副词: today, tomorrow, yesterday, now, then, early, late

3. 情态动词

   • can/could (能力,许可)
   • may/might (可能,许可)
   • must (必须,一定)
   • should (应该)
   • 重点: have to (不得不) 与 must 的区别：
     • must 表示主观意愿，have to 表示客观需要。
     • must 的否定形式是 mustn't (禁止)，have to 的否定形式是 don't/doesn't have to (不必)。

4. 非谓语动词

   • 动词不定式 to do
     • 作目的状语: I came here **to learn** English. (我来这里是为了学习英语。)
     • 作宾语: He wants **to be** a doctor. (他想成为一名医生。)
     • 作后置定语: I have a lot of homework **to do**. (我有很多作业要做。)
     • 作宾语补足语: The teacher told us **to keep** quiet. (老师让我们保持安静。)

5. 其他重点词

   • few / a few / little / a little
     • few / a few + 可数名词复数
       • few (几乎没有,表否定)
       • a few (有几个,表肯定)
     • little / a little + 不可数名词
       • little (几乎没有,表否定)
       • a little (有一点,表肯定)
   • other / others / the other / the others / another
     • other + 复数名词: some other books (其他的书)
     • the other + 单数/复数名词: one side... the other side... (一边...另一边...)
     • others (泛指“其他人或物”): Some like apples, others like bananas. (一些人喜欢苹果，另一些人喜欢香蕉。)
     • the others (特指“其余的所有人或物”): I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue. (我两支笔，一支是红的，另一支是蓝的。)
     • another + 单数名词 / another + 数词 + 复数名词: Would you like another cup of tea? (再来杯茶吗？)

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第二部分：句法

基本句型

1. 主谓宾: I like English.
2. 主系表: English is interesting.
3. 主谓: The bird is singing.
4. 主谓双宾: My father bought me a bike. / My father bought a bike for me.
5. 主谓宾宾补: The news made me happy.

重点句型

1. 比较等级

   
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   • 原级: as...as... (和...一样), not as/so...as... (不如...)
     • He is as tall as his father. (他和他父亲一样高。)
     • This book is not as interesting as that one. (这本书不如那本有趣。)
   • 比较级: A + 比较级 + than + B
     • This book is more interesting than that one. (这本书比那本更有趣。)
   • 最高级: the + 最高级 + (in/of...)
     • He is the tallest in his class. (他是班里最高的。)

2. both...and... / either...or... / neither...nor...

   • both A and B (A和B都): Both Tom and Mary are students.
   • either A or B (要么A要么B，就近原则): Either you or he is right.
   • neither A nor B (既不A也不B，就近原则): Neither he nor I like swimming.

3. It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.

   • It's important for us to learn English well. (学好英语很重要。)

4. There be 句型

   • There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. (明天将有一场会议。)
   • There used to be an old tree here. (这里过去有一棵老树。)

5. 感叹句

   
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   • What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
     • What a beautiful girl she is!
   • How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
     • How beautiful the girl is!
     • How fast he runs!

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第三部分：时态

八年级上册主要学习并巩固了以下几种时态：

时态名称	结构	时间状语	功能
一般现在时	主语 + 动词原形/三单形式(+s/es)	always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, on Sundays	描述事实、习惯、真理
现在进行时	am/is/are + 动词ing形式	now, at the moment, look, listen	描述说话时正在发生的动作
一般将来时	will + 动词原形 am/is/are going to + 动词原形	tomorrow, next week, in the future, soon	描述将来要发生的动作或计划
一般过去时	主语 + 动词过去式	yesterday, last night/week, just now, in 1999	描述过去某个时间发生的动作或状态
现在完成时	have/has + 动词过去分词	already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for	重点难点：过去发生且对现在有影响的动作；从过去持续到现在的动作/状态

现在完成时详解:

• 结构: have/has + p.p.
• 用法1: 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
  • I **have lost** my key. I can't get into the house. (我把钥匙弄丢了。结果：我进不了屋。)
• 用法2: 表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
  • He **has lived** here for ten years. (他在这里住了十年了。动作：从十年前开始，一直住到现在。)
  • We **have known** each other since childhood. (我们从小就认识。状态：从童年开始，一直到现在都认识。)
• 标志性词组:
  • for + 一段时间 (e.g., for two hours)
  • since + 过去的时间点 (e.g., since 2010, since last Monday)
• 与一般过去时的区别:
  • 一般过去时: 强调动作发生在过去的时间点，与现在无关。
    • I saw that movie yesterday. (我昨天看了那部电影。)
  • 现在完成时: 强调动作对现在的影响或动作的持续性。
    • I have seen that movie. (我已经看过那部电影了，言下之意：我知道剧情了。)

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第四部分：核心话题

1. Topic 1: How do you get to school? (交通方式)

   • 句型: How do you get to school?
   • 回答: I take the subway / bus / train. / I ride my bike / walk. / I get to school by subway / bus / bike / on foot.
   • 词汇: subway, train, bus, bike, car, walk, ride, get to, how far, how long

2. Topic 2: How often do you exercise? (频率副词与健康生活)

   • 句型: How often do you...?
   • 回答: I always/usually/often/sometimes/hardly ever/never...
   • 词汇: junk food, coffee, cola, health, habit, try to do, look after, stay healthy

3. Topic 3: What are you doing for vacation? (假期计划)

   • 句型: What are you doing for vacation? / Where are you going? / Who are you going with?
   • 时态: 现在进行时表将来
   • 词汇: vacation, plan, camping, hiking, fishing, rent, get back, take a vacation

4. Topic 4: How do you get to school? (比较级与最高级)

   • 重点: 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化规则及用法。
   • 句型: A is (not) as... as B. / A is...er than B. / A is the...est of/in...
   • 词汇: talented, outgoing, serious, calm, wild, athletic

5. Topic 5: Can you come to my party? (邀请与请求)

   • 句型: Can you come to my party? / I have to study for a test. / I'm sorry, I can't. I have to...
   • 情态动词: can, have to, must
   • 词汇: prepare for, exam, flu, available, another time

6. Topic 6: I'm watching TV. (现在进行时)

   • 重点: 现在进行时的构成和用法,特别是表示说话时正在进行的动作。
   • 句型: What are you doing? / I'm watching TV. / Is he waiting for a bus?
   • 词汇: shower, make soup, read a newspaper, talk on the phone, listen

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第五部分：写作

八年级写作通常围绕上述话题展开,常见文体有：

1. 邮件/信件

   • 结构:
     • 称呼: Dear [Name],
     • 开头问候 -> 说明写信目的 -> 展开细节 -> 结尾祝福/请求。
     • Best wishes, / Yours,
     • 署名: [Your Name]
   • 应用场景: 邀请朋友参加派对、回复邀请、介绍自己的假期计划等。

2. 人物介绍

   • 结构:
     • 开头: 介绍人物的基本信息（姓名、年龄、与你的关系等）。
     • 中间: 描述外貌、性格、爱好、优点等。多使用比较级，如 My friend Tom is taller than me. He is more outgoing.
     • 表达你对这个人的看法或你们之间的友谊。
   • 重点: 运用形容词、比较级和最高级。

3. 调查报告

   • 结构:
     • 开头: 说明调查的主题和对象。
     • 用 Most students..., Some students..., Few students... 等句型展示调查结果，并适当使用 always, usually, often 等频率副词。
     • 总结调查发现或提出自己的看法。
   • 重点: 使用频率副词和表达比例的词汇。

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第六部分：易错点提醒

1. some 和 any 的使用:

   • 肯定句中用 some: I have some friends.
   • 否定句和疑问句中常用 any: I don't have any friends. / Do you have any friends?
   • 特例: 在表示请求或建议的疑问句中，用 some 语气更委婉: Would you like some coffee?

2. so 和 such 的区别:

   • so + 形容词/副词: so beautiful, so quickly
   • such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词: such a beautiful girl, such beautiful flowers

3. spend, take, pay, cost 的区别:

   • sb. spend (time/money) on sth. / (in) doing sth.: I spent 100 yuan on this book.
   • It takes sb. time to do sth.: It took me two hours to finish my homework.
   • sb. pay (money) for sth.: I paid 50 yuan for this T-shirt.
   • sth. cost (sb.) money: This book cost me 100 yuan. / The book costs 100 yuan.

4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的混用:

   • 当有明确的过去时间状语（如 yesterday, last week）时，只能用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时。
   • 当想表达“已经做过某事”或“做某事多久了”时,用现在完成时。

希望这份总结能对你的八年级英语学习大有帮助！祝你学习进步！