八年级第二次月考试卷有何重点与难点？

校园之窗 2026年1月16日 08:26:46 99ANYc3cd6 1 0

由于我无法直接获取你所在学校或地区的“八年级第二次月考试卷”（因为这通常是内部资料），但我可以为你模拟一份高质量的、符合八年级下学期学习重点的月考试卷。

这份模拟卷将涵盖语文、数学、英语三个主要科目，并附上参考答案和解析，你可以用它来进行自我检测和复习。

（图片来源网络，侵删）

八年级下学期第二次月考模拟试卷

（考试时间：120分钟满分：150分）

第一部分：语文（共50分）

积累与运用（15分）

古诗文默写（10分） （1）关关雎鸠，在河之洲。____，____。（《诗经·关雎》）（2）青青子衿，____，纵我不往，____？（《诗经·子衿》）（3）挑兮达兮，在城阙兮。____，____！（《诗经·子衿》）（4）王勃在《送杜少府之任蜀州》中，一扫离别愁绪，抒发旷达胸襟的千古名句是：____，____。（5）请写出连续两句含有“月”字的古诗词：____，____。
下列加点字注音完全正确的一项是（3分） A. 归省 (xǐng) 羁绊 (bàn) 亢奋 (kàng) 挑衅 (xìn) B. 幽悄 (qiāo) 撺掇 (cuān) 家醅 (pēi) 燎原 (liáo) C. 凫水 (fú) 踱步 (duó) 欺侮 (wǔ) 闭塞 (sè) D. 蕴藻 (zǎo) 怠慢 (dài) 冗杂 (rǒng) 闭塞 (sāi)
（图片来源网络，侵删）
下列句子没有语病的一项是（2分） A. 通过这次月考，使我认识到了自己学习上的不足。 B. 我们要养成从小讲卫生、懂礼貌的好习惯。 C. 为了防止这类交通事故不再发生，交警部门加强了巡查力度。 D. 能否坚持体育锻炼，是拥有健康身体的关键。

阅读理解（35分）

(一) 阅读下面的文言文，完成4-6题。（12分）

【甲】虽有嘉肴，弗食，不知其旨也；虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也，是故学然后知不足，教然后知困，知不足，然后能自反也；知困，然后能自强也，故曰：教学相长也。《兑命》曰“学学半”，其此之谓乎！

（图片来源网络，侵删）

【乙】玉不琢，不成器；人不学，不知道，然玉之为物，有不变之常德，虽不琢以为器，而犹不害为玉也，人之性，受于天，其善有不可移者，譬如水火，虽蹈水火，宁能自害于物哉？（节选自《宋史·欧阳修传》）

解释下列加点词在文中的意思。（4分） （1）不知其旨也 ( ) （2）然后能自反也 ( ) （3）虽不琢以为器 ( ) （4）宁能自害于物哉 ( )
将下列句子翻译成现代汉语。（4分） （1）是故学然后知不足，教然后知困。（2）玉不琢，不成器；人不学，不知道。
【甲】文和【乙】文都谈到了学习的重要性，但侧重点有何不同？请简要分析。（4分）

(二) 阅读下面的现代文，完成7-11题。（23分）

那盏温暖的灯 ①我上初中的时候，学校离家很远，每天天不亮就要起床，摸着黑走十几里山路，冬天尤其难熬，刺骨的寒风像刀子一样刮在脸上，手脚冻得僵硬，那时，我最大的期盼，就是走到村口那棵老槐树下时，能看到自家窗户里透出的那一点微光。 ②那盏灯，是母亲特意为我点的，母亲不识字，她不知道什么是“希望工程”，但她知道，她的儿子在为前途读书，天黑路滑，得有一盏灯等着他回家。 ③有一次，我因为贪玩，放学后和同学去河里摸鱼，回家时已经快到深夜了，我远远地看见，那盏灯依然亮着，在漆黑的夜里，像一颗固执的星星，我走近了，看见母亲蜷缩在炕上，手里还攥着针线活，头一点一点的，显然是睡着了，我轻轻推醒她，她揉着惺忪的睡眼，第一句话就是：“回来了？快，锅里给你留着热饭呢。”那一刻，我的鼻子一酸，眼泪差点掉下来。 ④那盏灯，不仅照亮了我回家的路，更温暖了我的心，它让我知道，无论我走多远，无论我回来多晚，总有一份牵挂和等待在原地。 ⑤后来，我考上了县里的高中，每周回家一次，那盏灯，就成了我一周的航标，每次临近周末，我的心里就开始隐隐激动，想象着推开门，看到母亲和那盏温暖的灯，每次离家返校，母亲总是把我送到村口，直到我转过山坳，看不见她的身影，她才肯回去，而她回去后，做的第一件事，就是把那盏灯点亮，为我照亮下周归来的路。 ⑥我已经在城市里安了家，有了自己的房子，家里也装上了明亮而华丽的吊灯，但我常常在夜深人静时，想起老家那盏昏黄的小油灯，它或许微不足道，但在我的生命里，它比任何一盏灯都更加明亮，更加温暖。 ⑦因为，那盏灯里，盛满了母亲无言的爱。

请用简洁的语言概括文章的主要内容。（3分）
文章多次提到“那盏灯”，它在文中有什么作用？请结合具体内容分析。（4分）
请从描写的角度赏析第③段中画线的句子。（4分） 我走近了，看见母亲蜷缩在炕上，手里还攥着针线活，头一点一点的，显然是睡着了。
第⑥段中，作者说“它比任何一盏灯都更加明亮，更加温暖”，结合全文，谈谈你对这句话的理解。（6分）
读完这篇文章，你一定深受感动，请结合你的生活实际，谈谈你对“母爱”的理解。（6分）

第二部分：数学（共50分）

选择题（每小题3分，共18分）

下列各数中,是无理数的是（） A. 0 B. $\sqrt{4}$ C. $\pi$ D. $\frac{1}{3}$
下列运算正确的是（） A. $a^2 \cdot a^3 = a^6$ B. $(a^2)^3 = a^5$ C. $a^6 \div a^2 = a^3$ D. $(ab)^2 = a^2b^2$
一次函数 $y = -2x + 3$ 的图象不经过（） A. 第一象限 B. 第二象限 C. 第三象限 D. 第四象限
下列命题中,是真命题的是（） A. 对角线相等的四边形是矩形 B. 对角线互相垂直平分的四边形是菱形 C. 对角线互相垂直的平行四边形是正方形 D. 一组对边平行，另一组对边相等的四边形是平行四边形
若点 $A(a, b)$ 在第二象限，则点 $B(-b, -a)$ 在（） A. 第一象限 B. 第二象限 C. 第三象限 D. 第四象限
如图,在平行四边形 $ABCD$ 中，对角线 $AC$、$BD$ 相交于点 $O$，下列结论中不一定正确的是（） A. $AB=CD$ B. $OA=OC$ C. $AC=BD$ D. $\angle ABC + \angle BCD = 180^\circ$ （此处应有平行四边形示意图）

填空题（每小题3分，共12分）

计算：$\sqrt{12} - \sqrt{3} = \underline{\hspace{2cm}}$。
若正比例函数 $y = (m-1)x$ 的图象经过第二、四象限，则 $m$ 的取值范围是 $\underline{\hspace{2cm}}$。
如图,在菱形 $ABCD$ 中，$\angle A = 60^\circ$，对角线 $BD = 6$，则菱形 $ABCD$ 的周长是 $\underline{\hspace{2cm}}$。（此处应有菱形示意图）
某商店将一件成本为100元的商品提价20%后标价，又以9折出售，这件商品的最终售价是 \underline{\hspace{2cm}} 元。

解答题（共20分）

（6分）计算：$(\sqrt{5}-1)^0 + |-\sqrt{3}| - \sqrt{27} + (\frac{1}{2})^{-2}$。
（6分）先化简，再求值：$(\frac{a}{a-1} - \frac{2}{a+1}) \div \frac{a^2-2a+1}{a^2-1}$，$a = \sqrt{2} + 1$。
（8分）如图，在 $\triangle ABC$ 中，$D$ 是 $BC$ 边的中点，$DE \perp AB$ 于点 $E$，$DF \perp AC$ 于点 $F$，且 $DE = DF$。（1）求证：$AB = AC$。（2）若 $AB = 13$，$BC = 10$，求 $DE$ 的长。（此处应有三角形示意图）

第三部分：英语（共50分）

单项填空（每小题1分，共15分）

—What's ____ matter with you? —I have ____ toothache. A. a; the B. the; a C. the; / D. a; a
You should eat ____ vegetables and keep healthy. A. fewer B. less C. more D. much
—Must I finish my homework now? —No, you ____. You can do it after dinner. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. couldn't
My father asked me ____ too much time computer games. A. not to spend; on B. not to spend; in C. don't spend; on D. don't spend; in
I'm sorry I ____ my homework at home. I'll bring it here tomorrow. A. forgot B. left C. lost D. missed
—I'm going to Hainan for vacation next week. —Wow! ____. A. Have a good time B. You're welcome C. I'm sorry to hear that D. Not at all
This is the book ____ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. what D. whom
—What did you do last night? —I ____ a movie with my parents. A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch
The bag is ____ heavy for me to carry. A. so B. too C. very D. much
The teacher spoke very loudly ____ all the students could hear her. A. because B. so that C. since D. if
There is ____ in today's newspaper. You needn't read it. A. something important B. anything important C. nothing important D. important something
—Could you please tell me ____? —Sure. It's next to the post office. A. where is the library B. where the library is C. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library
The old man lives ____, but he doesn't feel ____. A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely
I have two pens. One is red, ____ is black. A. another B. the other C. others D. the others
—I'm sorry for breaking your cup. —____. A. That's right B. Not at all C. You're welcome D. Don't mention it

完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Last Sunday, I went to the cinema to see a new movie. I got there a little late, so I was in a 16 . I bought my ticket quickly and hurried into the hall. The movie had already started. I looked for my seat and found it was in the 17 of the row. I had to pass a lot of people to get there.

I was very 18 because I thought I might disturb (打扰) them. I tried to walk quietly, but I still heard some people saying "Shhh!" to me. I felt my face 19 red. I finally sat down and tried to 20 the movie.

Suddenly, I felt something on my foot. I looked down and saw a 21 . It was a little boy. He was looking at me with a big smile. He pointed to my seat and said, " 22 , I think you are in my seat."

I looked at the ticket again and was 23 . I had made a mistake. I was in the wrong seat! I stood up at once and said, "I'm so sorry." The boy and his parents were very kind. They just smiled and told me to take my own seat.

I felt a little 24 , but I also felt happy because I met some kind people. From that day on, I always 25 my ticket carefully before I go into the cinema.

A. hurry B. dream C. trouble D. game
A. front B. back C. middle D. corner
A. happy B. excited C. nervous D. tired
A. feel B. turn C. keep D. stay
A. make B. enjoy C. stop D. start
A. cat B. dog C. girl D. boy
A. Sorry B. Hello C. Excuse me D. Thank you
A. angry B. surprised C. bored D. relaxed
A. sad B. silly C. proud D. interested
A. buy B. check C. show D. sell

阅读理解（每小题2分，共20分）

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A One day, a farmer's donkey fell into a dry well. The animal cried for hours as the farmer tried to think of what to do. Finally, he decided the animal was too old and the well needed to be covered up anyway, so it just wasn't worth it to save the donkey.

He invited all his neighbors to come over and help him. They each grabbed a shovel (铁锹) and began to shovel dirt into the well. At first, the donkey realized what was happening and cried horribly. Then, to everyone's surprise, he quieted down.

A few shovel loads later, the farmer finally looked down into the well. He was astonished at what he saw. With every shovel of dirt that hit his back, the donkey was doing something amazing. He would shake off the dirt and take a step up on the new layer of dirt.

As the farmer's neighbors continued to shovel dirt on top of the animal, he would shake it off and take a step up. Pretty soon, everyone was amazed as the donkey stepped up over the edge of the well and happily ran off!

Life is going to shovel dirt on you, all kinds of dirt. The trick to getting out of the well is to shake it off and take a step up.

What happened to the farmer's donkey? A. It fell into a dry well. B. It ran into the neighbor's house. C. It was too old to work. D. It fell off a cliff.
Why did the farmer want to cover up the well? A. Because the donkey was too old. B. Because the well was too deep. C. Because he wanted to build a new house. D. Because the well needed to be covered up.
What did the donkey do when the dirt hit its back? A. It cried and waited for death. B. It tried to climb out directly. C. It shook off the dirt and stepped up. D. It asked the farmer for help.
What is the main idea of the story? A. We should help our neighbors. B. We should never give up. C. Animals are very clever. D. Life is full of difficulties.

B Many people like to keep a diary in English. But some people have trouble doing it. Here are some tips for you.

Choose a topic. You don't have to write about what you did that day. You can write about anything you want. For example, you can write about your feelings, your dreams, or a book you have just read.

Write a little every day. You don't need to write a lot. Even one or two sentences are OK. The important thing is to make it a habit. If you write every day, you will soon get better at it.

Don't worry about mistakes. Your diary is for you, not for others. So don't be afraid of making mistakes. If you are not sure about a word, just guess it or use another word. You can always look it up later.

Be creative. Use your imagination! You can draw pictures in your diary, or you can write a poem. A diary is a good place to be creative.

What should you write about in your diary according to the passage? A. Only what you did that day. B. Anything you want to write about. C. Only your feelings and dreams. D. Only the books you have read.
How often should you write in your diary? A. Only when you have a lot to write. B. Once a week. C. Every day. D. When you are free.
What should you do if you are not sure about a word? A. Don't write that word. B. Ask your teacher for help. C. Guess it or use another word. D. Stop writing the diary.
What does the underlined word "creative" mean in Chinese? A. 有创意的 B. 有趣的 C. 困难的 D. 有规律的
The passage is mainly about ____. A. how to keep a diary in English B. why people like to keep a diary C. what to write in a diary D. when to keep a diary

书面表达（15分）

假设你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter给你发来邮件，说他最近学习压力很大，感到很烦恼，请你给他写一封回信，给他一些建议，并鼓励他。

要求：包括：表达理解、给出至少两条具体建议、表达鼓励。 2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，词数80词左右。 3. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Peter,

I'm sorry to hear that you are under pressure and feel worried. I can understand how you feel.

I believe you will feel better soon. Please take care of yourself.

Best wishes, Li Hua

参考答案与解析

语文部分

积累与运用

（1）窈窕淑女，君子好逑（2）悠悠我心子宁不嗣音（3）一日不见，如三月兮（4）海内存知己，天涯若比邻（5）示例：举头望明月，低头思故乡 / 明月几时有，把酒问青天 / 晓镜但愁云鬓改，夜吟应觉月光寒
C (A. 羁绊 bàn → bàn; B. 家醅 pēi → pēi; D. 闭塞 sāi → sè)
B (A. 缺主语，去掉“通过”或“使”；C. “防止”与“不再”矛盾，去掉“不”；D. 两面对一面，去掉“能否”)

阅读理解 (一) 文言文 4. （1）甘美，味美（2）自我反思（3）即使（4）伤害 5. （1）学习之后才知道自己的不足，教人之后才知道自己理解不透的地方。（2）玉石不经雕琢，就不能成为器物；人不学习，就不会懂得道理。 6. 【甲】文侧重于教学相长的道理，强调通过教与学双方的互动，使彼此都能得到提高。【乙】文侧重于学习对于人成长的重要性，强调人必须通过学习才能明白道理，就像玉石必须经过雕琢才能成为器物一样。

(二) 现代文 7. 文章记叙了“我”求学期间，母亲总在家门口为一盏灯等待“我”回家，这盏灯不仅照亮了“我”回家的路，更温暖了“我”的心，表达了“我”对母亲深沉的爱和感激之情。 8. ①线索作用：“那盏灯”贯穿全文，是文章的叙事线索，串联起“我”初中、高中等不同时期的回忆。 ②象征作用：“那盏灯”象征着母亲对“我”无私、深沉的爱和永恒的牵挂，是母爱的具体体现。 ③情感寄托：“那盏灯”寄托了“我”对母亲和家的思念，是“我”心中温暖和力量的源泉。 9. 动作描写和神态描写。“蜷缩”、“攥着”、“头一点一点”等词语生动地写出了母亲等待“我”归来的辛苦和疲惫，“显然是睡着了”则表现出她因过度劳累而熟睡的状态，这些细节描写表现了母亲对“我”深沉的爱和无私的奉献。 10. ①对比：将老家那盏“昏黄的小油灯”与现在城市里“明亮而华丽的吊灯”进行对比，突出了老家小油灯虽然简陋，但蕴含的情感却无比珍贵。 ②内涵：“明亮”不仅指物理上的光亮，更指母亲的爱为“我”指明了人生的方向，照亮了“我”的前程。“温暖”则指母亲的爱给予了“我”心灵的慰藉和力量，让“I”在成长的道路上从不感到寒冷和孤独。 ③情感：这句话表达了“我”对母爱的深刻理解和无比珍视，说明物质条件的优越无法替代亲情的温暖。 11. （开放性试题，言之有理即可） 示例：母爱是世界上最无私、最伟大的爱，它可能不像父爱那样深沉，也不像友情那样热烈，但它却像春雨一样，润物细无声，它体现在母亲为我们准备的每一顿热饭里，体现在深夜为我们亮起的那盏灯里，体现在她对我们每一次唠叨和叮咛里，我们应该用心去感受这份爱，用行动去回报这份爱。

数学部分

选择题

C (A. 整数；B. $\sqrt{4}=2$，整数；D. 有理数)
D (A. $a^2 \cdot a^3 = a^{5}$；B. $(a^2)^3 = a^{6}$；C. $a^6 \div a^2 = a^{4}$)
C (一次函数 $y=kx+b$，$k=-2<0$, $b=3>0$，图象经过一、二、四象限)
B (A. 必须是平行四边形；C. 必须是矩形；D. 可能是梯形)
D (A在第二象限，$a<0, b>0$，则 $-b<0, -a>0$，所以B点在第四象限)
C (平行四边形的对角线互相平分，但不一定相等)

填空题 7. $\sqrt{3}$ (原式 = $2\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{3} = \sqrt{3}$) 8. $m<1$ (正比例函数 $y=(m-1)x$ 的图象经过第二、四象限，则 $m-1<0$，解得 $m<1$) 9. 24 (菱形对角线互相垂直平分，且 $\angle A=60^\circ$，$\triangle ABD$ 是等边三角形。$AB=BD=6$，菱形四条边都相等，周长为 $4 \times 6 = 24$) 10. 108 (成本价100元，提价20%后标价为 $100 \times (1+20\%) = 120$ 元，9折出售，最终售价为 $120 \times 0.9 = 108$ 元)

解答题 11. 原式 = $1 + \sqrt{3} - 3\sqrt{3} + 4$ = $(1-3+4) + (\sqrt{3}-3\sqrt{3})$ = $2 - 2\sqrt{3}$

原式 = $[\frac{a(a+1) - 2(a-1)}{(a-1)(a+1)}] \div \frac{(a-1)^2}{(a-1)(a+1)}$ = $[\frac{a^2+a-2a+2}{(a-1)(a+1)}] \times \frac{(a-1)(a+1)}{(a-1)^2}$ = $\frac{a^2-a+2}{(a-1)^2}$ 当 $a = \sqrt{2} + 1$ 时，原式 = $\frac{(\sqrt{2}+1)^2 - (\sqrt{2}+1) + 2}{(\sqrt{2}+1-1)^2} = \frac{2+2\sqrt{2}+1 - \sqrt{2} - 1 + 2}{(\sqrt{2})^2} = \frac{4+\sqrt{2}}{2} = 2 + \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$
（1）证明：$\because D$ 是 $BC$ 的中点，$\therefore BD = DC$。 $\because DE \perp AB$, $DF \perp AC$, 且 $DE = DF$。 $\therefore \text{Rt} \triangle BDE \cong \text{Rt} \triangle CDF$ (HL)。 $\therefore \angle B = \angle C$。 $\therefore AB = AC$ (等角对等边)。（2）解：$\because AB = AC$, $D$ 是 $BC$ 的中点， $\therefore AD \perp BC$ (三线合一)。 $\therefore S{\triangle ABC} = \frac{1}{2}AD \cdot BC = \frac{1}{2} \times \sqrt{13^2-5^2} \times 10 = \frac{1}{2} \times 12 \times 10 = 60$。又 $\because S{\triangle ABC} = \frac{1}{2}AB \cdot (DE+DF) = \frac{1}{2} \times 13 \times 2DE = 13DE$。 $\therefore 13DE = 60$。 $\therefore DE = \frac{60}{13}$。

英语部分

单项填空

B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D

完形填空 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. B

阅读理解 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. A

书面表达 One possible version:

Dear Peter, I'm sorry to hear that you are under pressure and feel worried. I can understand how you feel.

First, you should talk to your parents or teachers about your problem. They can give you some good advice. Second, you need to learn to relax. You can listen to some music or do some sports to make yourself feel better. Don't work too hard. Remember to take breaks.

I believe you will feel better soon. Please take care of yourself.

Best wishes, Li Hua

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