八年级上册英语人教版第一单元

单元概览

• 单元主题: What did you do last weekend? (你上周末做了什么？)
• 核心语法: 一般过去时
• 核心功能: 描述和询问过去某个时间点或时间段内发生的活动和经历。

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核心词汇

重点单词

你需要掌握以下单词的拼写、发音、词义和用法,特别是它们的过去式形式。

• 动词:

  
  （图片来源网络，侵删）
  • do - did (做)
  • go - went (去)
  • visit - visited (参观,拜访)
  • study - studied (学习)
  • play - played (玩,打)
  • stay - stayed (待在)
  • watch - watched (观看)
  • clean - cleaned (打扫)
  • practice - practiced (练习)
  • sleep - slept (睡觉)
  • have - had (吃,进行)
  • read - read /red/ (阅读)
  • see - saw (看见)
  • get - got (得到)
  • buy - bought (买)
  • eat - ate (吃)
  • take - took (拍,带)
  • visit - visited (参观)
  • move - moved (搬家)
  • stop - stopped (停止)

• 名词:

  • weekend (周末)
  • beach (海滩)
  • movie / film (电影)
  • camp (营地)
  • lake (湖)
  • museum (博物馆)
  • zoo (动物园)
  • cinema (电影院)
  • park (公园)
  • home (家)
  • test (测试,考试)
  • sport (运动)
  • report (报告)
  • sleep (睡眠)
  • fun (乐趣)
  • yesterday (昨天)
  • time (时间)
  • girl (女孩)
  • boy (男孩)

• 形容词:

  • happy (开心的)
  • excited (兴奋的)
  • great (很棒的)
  • boring (无聊的)
  • interesting (有趣的)
  • wonderful (精彩的)
  • beautiful (美丽的)
  • funny (滑稽的)
  • terrible (糟糕的)
  • lovely (可爱的)

• 副词:

  • well (好)
  • badly (差)
  • really (真的,非常)

重点短语

• do some reading (阅读)
• clean my room (打扫我的房间)
• play badminton (打羽毛球)
• go to the cinema (去看电影)
• visit a museum (参观博物馆)
• go to the beach (去海滩)
• go camping (去野营)
• stay at home (待在家里)
• have a good time / enjoy myself (玩得开心)
• practice English (练习英语)
• study for a test (为考试而学习)
• play with friends和朋友一起玩
• fly a kite (放风筝)
• take some photos (拍一些照片)
• buy something special (买一些特别的东西)
• move to a new neighborhood (搬到新社区)

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核心语法：一般过去时

这是整个单元的重中之重！你需要彻底理解它的构成和用法。

用法

一般过去时主要用来表示在过去某个时间点或时间段内已经发生的动作或存在的状态,标志性的时间状语有：

• yesterday (昨天)
• last night / week / month / year (昨晚/上周/上个月/去年)
• ... ago (……以前，如 two days ago 两天前)
• in + 过去的年份 (如 in 2025)
• just now (刚才)
• the day before yesterday (前天)

构成

肯定句:

• 主语 + 动词的过去式 + 其他成分.
  • I went to the park yesterday. (我昨天去了公园。)
  • She played the piano last night. (她昨晚弹了钢琴。)

否定句:

• 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他成分.
  • I didn't go to the park yesterday. (我昨天没去公园。)
  • She didn't play the piano last night. (她昨晚没弹钢琴。)
  • 注意: didn't 后面永远跟动词原形。

一般疑问句:

• Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分?
  • Did you go to the park yesterday? (你昨天去公园了吗？)
  • Did she play the piano last night? (她昨晚弹钢琴了吗？)
  • 肯定回答: Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they did.
  • 否定回答: No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they didn't.

特殊疑问句:

• 特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分?
  • What did you do last weekend? (你上周末做了什么？)
  • Where did he go yesterday? (他昨天去哪儿了？)
  • When did they arrive? (他们什么时候到的？)
  • Why did she look sad? (她为什么看起来很难过？)

动词过去式的构成规则 (非常重要！)

1. 直接加 -ed:

   • work → worked
   • clean → cleaned
   • play → played
   • visit → visited

2. 以 e 只加 -d:

   • live → lived
   • like → liked
   • use → used

3. “辅音字母 + y” 变 y 为 i 再加 -ed:

   • study → studied
   • cry → cried
   • try → tried

4. 重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加 -ed:

   • stop → stopped
   • plan → planned
   • chat → chatted

5. 不规则变化: 这些需要单独记忆,是考试的重点！

   • am/is → was
   • are → were
   • do → did
   • go → went
   • have → had
   • see → saw
   • eat → ate
   • take → took
   • read → read (发音改变)
   • buy → bought
   • get → got
   • make → made
   • come → came
   • swim → swam

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重点句型

1. 询问过去的活动:

   • What did you do last weekend? (你上周末做了什么？)
   • Did you do anything special? (你做了什么特别的事吗？)

2. 描述过去的活动:

   • I went to the mountains with my family. (我和家人一起去爬山了。)
   • We played badminton and had a picnic. (我们打了羽毛球，还野餐了。)
   • It was great fun. (那太有趣了。