八年级下册英语核心考点有哪些？

八年级下册英语核心知识点总览

核心语法

这是八年级下册的重中之重,务必掌握扎实。

情态动词

• can / could

  • can: 表示能力（会），许可（可以）。
  • could: 是 can 的过去式，表示过去的能力；也可用于比 can 更委婉、更礼貌的现在请求或许可。
  • 例句: I can swim. (我会游泳。) Could you help me, please? (你能帮我一下吗？)

• may / might

  • may: 表示许可（可以），比 can 更正式，也表示可能性（也许）。
  • might: 是 may 的过去式，表示过去的可能性；也用于表示现在更小的可能性。
  • 例句: You may go now. (你现在可以走了了。) It may/might rain tomorrow. (明天可能会下雨。)

• must / have to

  • must: 表示必须，一定要，强调主观看法，否定形式是 mustn't (禁止，不允许)。
  • have to: 表示不得不，必须，强调客观需要或外界要求，有人称和数的变化，也有过去式 had to。
  • 区别:
    • I must go now. (我必须走了。——我自己想走。)
    • I have to go now. (我得走了。——可能因为妈妈叫我了，或者要赶火车。)
  • 例句: You must finish your homework. (你必须完成作业。) You mustn't play on the road. (你不许在马路上玩。) He had to leave early yesterday. (他昨天不得不早走。)

• should / ought to

  
  （图片来源网络，侵删）
  • 表示应该， ought to 语气更强一些，通常用于提出建议或劝告。
  • 例句: You should eat more vegetables. (你应该多吃蔬菜。) You ought to apologize to him. (你应该向他道歉。)

被动语态

• 定义: 表示主语是动作的承受者，而不是执行者。
• 基本结构: be + 动词的过去分词
• 各种时态下的被动语态:
  • 一般现在时: am/is/are + 过去分词
    • 例句: The door is locked. (门被锁上了。)
  • 一般过去时: was/were + 过去分词
    • 例句: The book was written in 2025. (这本书写于2025年。)
  • 一般将来时: will be + 过去分词 或 am/is/are going to be + 过去分词
    • 例句: A new bridge will be built next year. (一座新桥将在明年被建造。) The problem is going to be solved soon. (这个问题很快将被解决。)
  • 含有情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词 + be + 过去分词
    • 例句: The work must be finished by 5 o'clock. (工作必须在5点前完成。)

宾语从句

• 定义: 在句子中充当宾语的从句。
• 连接词:
  • that: 无实际意义，只起连接作用，常可省略。
    • 例句: I think (that) he is right. (我认为他是对的。)
  • if / whether: 表示“是否”，不省略。
    • 例句: Ask him if/whether he will come. (问他是否会来。)
  • 特殊疑问词: what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等。
    • 例句: Can you tell me where the bus station is? (你能告诉我公交站在哪里吗？)
• 语序: 宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序（主语 + 谓语）。
  • 错误: Do you know what is his name?
  • 正确: Do you know what his name is?
• 时态一致性: 如果主句是现在时或将来时，从句可根据实际情况用任何时态，如果主句是过去时，从句通常要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等）。
  • 例句: He said (that) he was busy. (他说他很忙。)

过去进行时

• 定义: 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
• 结构: was/were + 动词-ing
• 标志词: at 8 o'clock yesterday, this time yesterday, when 引导的时间状语从句等。
• 例句: I was reading a book at 9 pm last night. (昨晚9点我正在看书。)
• 特殊用法: 当一个长动作（过去进行时）被一个短动作（一般过去时）打断时，用此结构。
  • 例句: I was cooking when the phone rang. (我正在做饭，电话响了。)

现在完成时

• 定义: 表示过去发生并且对现在有影响的动作；或表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态。
• 结构: have/has + 动词的过去分词
• 标志词:
  • already (已经), yet (还，用于否定句和疑问句), just (刚刚), ever (曾经), never (从不)
  • since + 过去的时间点, for + 一段时间
• 例句:
  • I have already finished my homework. (我已经完成了作业。——对现在有影响：作业做完了。)
  • He has lived here for ten years. (他在这里住了十年了。——从过去持续到现在。)
  • Have you ever been to Beijing? (你曾经去过北京吗？)

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核心词汇与短语

Unit 1: What's the matter?

• 核心词汇: matter, sore, throat, stomachache, fever, rest, honey, dentist, should, shouldn't, advice, balance, diet
• 重点短语:
  • have a fever / cold / headache / stomachache (发烧/感冒/头痛/胃痛)
  • see a dentist (看牙医)
  • lie down and rest (躺下休息)
  • drink hot tea with honey (喝加蜂蜜的热茶)
  • give sb. some advice (给某人一些建议)
  • one of the balanced diets (均衡饮食之一)
  • at the moment (目前)

Unit 2: I'll help to clean up the city parks.

• 核心词汇: clean up, cheer up, give out, come up with, put off, set up, make a difference, hand out, volunteer, sign, notice, lonely
• 重点短语:
  • clean up (打扫干净)
  • cheer up (使振奋，使高兴起来)
  • give out (分发)
  • come up with (想出，提出)
  • put off (推迟)
  • set up (建立，设立)
  • make a difference (产生影响，有作用)
  • hand out (分发，散发)
  • be used to doing sth. (习惯于做某事)
  • take after (与……相像)

Unit 3: Could you please clean your room?

• 核心词汇: chore, dish, sweep, floor, trash, take out, rubbish, fold, clothes, living room, borrow, invite, hate, stress, waste, in order
• 重点短语:
  • do the chores (做家务)
  • sweep the floor (扫地)
  • take out the trash (倒垃圾)
  • fold the clothes (叠衣服)
  • borrow sth. from sb. (向某人借某物)
  • invite sb. to do sth. (邀请某人做某事)
  • get on with sb. (与某人和睦相处)
  • as soon as possible (尽快)

Unit 4: Why don't you talk to your parents?

• 核心词汇: instead, argue, communicate, communicate with, relation, communicate, offer, proper, get on, elder, take care of, society, pressure, compete, usual, cut out, compare, continue, habit, perhaps
• 重点短语:
  • instead of (代替，而不是)
  • argue with sb. (与某人争吵)
  • communicate with sb. (与某人交流)
  • get on with sb. (与某人相处融洽)
  • take care of = look after (照顾)
  • compare...to/with... (把……和……比较)
  • cut out (戒掉，删除)
  • a lot of pressure (很多压力)

Unit 5: What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

• 核心词汇: rainstorm, alarm, go off, heavily, suddenly, pick up, strange, realize, report, area, neighbor, event, silence, destroy, injure, trap, rescue, electricity, shock, die down, fall asleep
• 重点短语:
  • go off (发出响声，闹钟响)
  • pick up (接电话，捡起，用车接人)
  • at the time of... (在……的时候)
  • in silence (沉默地)
  • die down (逐渐平息，减弱)
  • fall asleep (入睡)

Unit 6: An old man tried to move the mountains.

• 核心词汇: shoot, stone, weak, god, remind, bit, a little bit, silly, instead of, turn...into..., excited, get bored, the journey to the west, unless, become, true, lead, stick, hide, tail, excited, once upon a time
• 重点短语:
  • once upon a time (从前)
  • so...that... (…以至于……)
  • as soon as... (一……就……)
  • unless (除非，如果不)
  • lead to... (导致，通向)
  • stick to... (坚持)
  • be excited about (对……感到兴奋)

Unit 7: What's the highest mountain in the world?

• 核心词汇: meter, desert, population, birth, achieve, challenge, spirit, achieve one's dream, condition, take in, succeed, challenge, southwest, climb, explore, discussion, strength, force, nature
• 重点短语:
  • one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 (最……之一)
  • the population of... (……的人口)
  • achieve one's dream (实现梦想)
  • in the face of danger (面对危险)
  • the spirit of the climbers (登山者的精神)
  • take in (吸收，欺骗)
  • succeed in doing sth. (成功做某事)

Unit 8: Have you read Treasure Island yet?

• 核心词汇: treasure, island, classic, page, already, yet, finish, fiction, science fiction, technology, French, pop, band, ever, hear of, abandon, unbelievable, grow up, get married, run away, bestseller
• 重点短语:
  • have (just) done (已经做过某事)
  • yet (用于现在完成时的疑问和否定句)
  • so far (到目前为止)
  • have been to (去过某地，人已回来)
  • have gone to (去了某地，人还在那里或正在去的路上)
  • hear of/about (听说)
  • run away (逃跑)
  • because of (因为)

Unit 9: Have you ever been to a museum?

• 核心词汇: museum, cinema, park, zoo, aquarium, art museum, history museum, guide, sleepy, tired, huge, crowded, expensive, cheap, take a vacation, Thailand, spring, fall, summer, winter, travel, exchange student
• 重点短语:
  • have (never) been to... (从未去过某地)
  • take a vacation (去度假)
  • on vacation (在度假)
  • a couple of (两个，几个)
  • all year round (全年)
  • the best time to do sth. (做某事的最好时间)

Unit 10: I've had this bike for three years.

• 核心词汇: yard, sale, sweet, memories, board, certainly, checker, chess, own, brand, part, clean out, toy, bear, scarf, soft, bread, cookie, biscuit, cookie, million, cent, operator
• 重点短语:
  • have/has had sth. for + 时间段 (某物拥有/拥有了多长时间)
  • how long (多久，对时间段提问)
  • clean out (清理掉)
  • no longer = not...any longer (不再)
  • throw away (扔掉)
  • as for (至于，就……而言)

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写作话题

1. 健康与建议: 描述身体不适，并给出建议。
   • 模板: I have a... (stomachache). You should... (drink more water). You shouldn't... (eat too much).
2. 计划与意愿: 谈论自己将要做的事情或帮助他人的计划。
   • 模板: I will... (clean up the park). I want to make a difference.
3. 家庭与责任: 讨论家务分工和与家人的关系。
   • 模板: I think I should do the dishes. My parents want me to clean my room.
4. 人际交往: 如何解决与朋友或家人的矛盾。
   • 模板: You could talk to him. You shouldn't argue with him.
5. 过去的事件: 描述过去某个特定时间点正在发生的事情。
   • 模板: When the rainstorm came, I was... (doing my homework).
6. 故事与传说: 讲述一个经典故事（如《西游记》）。
   • 模板: Once upon a time, there was... The story is about...
7. 自然与地理: 介绍世界著名的自然景观或国家。
   • 模板: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. It's about... square kilometers.
8. 阅读与音乐: 谈论自己读过/看过的书籍或电影，喜欢的音乐类型。
   • 模板: I have read... (Treasure Island). It's a great book. I like... (pop music).
9. 旅行与经历: 分享自己的旅行经历或想去的地方。
   • 模板: I have been to... (Beijing). It was great. I want to go to... (Thailand).
10. 拥有与回忆: 描述一件自己拥有很久的物品及其背后的故事。
    • 模板: I have had this bike for three years. It has a lot of memories for me.

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学习建议

1. 语法是骨架: 情态动词、被动语态、宾语从句是重中之重，一定要多做练习，直到完全理解并能灵活运用。
2. 词汇是血肉: 按单元背诵单词和短语，并尝试在造句和写作中使用它们，可以制作单词卡片，利用碎片时间记忆。
3. 听说读写要均衡: 多听课文录音和英文歌曲，模仿语音语调，坚持每天进行简单的口语或写作练习，哪怕只是写几句话。
4. 整理错题本: 把做错的题，尤其是语法题，整理到错题本上，定期回顾，避免再犯同样的错误。
5. 学会总结: 每学完一个单元，自己动手画一个思维导图，把知识点串联起来，形成知识体系。

希望这份知识点总结能对你的学习有所帮助！加油！