八年级下册英语新版单词有何变化？

这份单词表包含了Unit 1 - Unit 10的重点词汇，并按照“单词 - 词性 - 中文释义 - 例句”的格式进行了整理,方便您学习和记忆。

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八年级下册英语核心单词表 (人教版)

Unit 1: What's the matter?

主题： 健康问题与建议

单词	词性	中文释义	例句
matter	n.	问题；事情	What's the matter? 你怎么了？
sore	adj.	疼痛的	I have a sore throat. 我喉咙痛。
have a cold	短语	感冒	He has a cold, so he can't come. 他感冒了，所以不能来。
stomachache	n.	胃痛；腹痛	I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。
have a stomachache	短语	胃痛	She had a stomachache after eating too much. 她吃太多后胃痛。
backache	n.	背痛	My father often has a backache. 我爸爸经常背痛。
toothache	n.	牙痛	I need to see a dentist because I have a toothache. 我得去看牙医，因为我牙痛。
fever	n.	发烧；发热	He has a high fever. 他发高烧了。
have a fever	短语	发烧	If you have a fever, you should stay in bed. 如果你发烧了，就应该卧床休息。
rest	v. & n.	休息；放松	You should have a good rest. 你应该好好休息。
honey	n.	蜂蜜	A spoonful of honey helps the medicine go down. 一勺蜂蜜能让药更容易下咽。
dentist	n.	牙医	I'm afraid of the dentist. 我害怕看牙医。
should	modal v.	应该	You should drink more hot water. 你应该多喝热水。
shouldn't	modal v.	不应该	You shouldn't eat so much candy. 你不应该吃这么多糖果。
dentist	n.	牙医	I need to make an appointment with the dentist. 我需要预约牙医。
advice	n.	建议	Can you give me some advice? 你能给我一些建议吗？
give advice	短语	提出建议	The doctor gave him some advice on how to stay healthy. 医生就如何保持健康给了他一些建议。
exercise	v. & n.	锻炼；练习	You should exercise every day. 你应该每天锻炼。
health	n.	健康	Good health is important. 健康很重要。
healthy	adj.	健康的	Eating vegetables is healthy. 吃蔬菜是健康的。
than	conj.	比	I'm taller than my brother. 我比我哥哥高。
healthier	adj.	更健康的	I want to be healthier. 我想变得更健康。
one day	短语	有一天；总有一天	One day, I want to travel around the world. 有一天，我想环游世界。
believe	v.	相信；认为	I believe you can do it. 我相信你能做到。
lie	v.	躺；平躺	You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息。
lie down	短语	躺下	He lay down on the sofa and fell asleep. 他躺在沙发上睡着了。
hurt	v. & n.	疼痛；受伤	My leg hurts. 我的腿疼。
X-ray	n.	X光片	The doctor took an X-ray of my chest. 医生给我拍了张胸部的X光片。
passenger	n.	乘客；旅客	There were many passengers on the bus. 公交车上有很多乘客。
onto	prep.	到...之上	He jumped onto the horse. 他跳上了马。
trouble	n.	问题；麻烦	What's the trouble? 怎么了？
hit	v.	撞；击	The car hit the tree. 汽车撞到了树上。
right away	短语	立刻；马上	Please call me right away. 请立刻给我打电话。
get off	短语	下（车、飞机等）	Get off the bus at the next stop. 在下一站下公交车。
to one's surprise	短语	令...惊讶的是	To my surprise, he passed the exam. 令我惊讶的是，他通过了考试。
herself	pron.	她自己	She taught herself how to cook. 她自学了如何做饭。
herself	pron.	她自己	She hurt herself while playing basketball. 她在打篮球时伤到了自己。
pride	n.	自豪；骄傲	He takes pride in his work. 他为自己的工作感到自豪。
laugh	v. & n.	笑；大笑	The story made everyone laugh. 这个故事把大家都逗笑了。
take pride in	短语	为...感到自豪	He takes pride in his daughter's achievements. 他为女儿的成就感到自豪。
crowd	n.	人群	A large crowd gathered in the square. 一大群人聚集在广场上。
according to	短语	根据；按照	According to the weather report, it will rain tomorrow. 根据天气预报，明天会下雨。
agreement	n.	同意；协议	We have an agreement not to talk about it. 我们约定好不谈那件事。
around	adv. & prep.	大约；到处；在...周围	He looked around but saw nobody. 他环顾四周，但没看到人。

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Unit 2: I'll help to clean up the city parks.

主题： 做志愿者

单词	词性	中文释义	例句
clean up	短语	打扫（或清除）干净	Let's clean up the classroom. 我们把教室打扫干净吧。
cheer up	短语	（使）高兴起来；（使）振作起来	Your words cheered me up. 你的话让我振作了起来。
give out	短语	分发；发放	The teacher gave out the test papers. 老师分发了试卷。
come up with	短语	想出；提出	He came up with a great idea. 他想出了一个绝妙的主意。
put off	短语	推迟	Don't put off what you can do today until tomorrow. 不要把今天能做的事推迟到明天。
make a plan	短语	制定计划	We need to make a plan for the trip. 我们需要为旅行制定一个计划。
sign	v. & n.	签名；标志	Please sign here. 请在这里签名。
notice	n. & v.	通知；注意	Did you notice anything unusual? 你注意到有什么不寻常的吗？
notice board	短语	布告栏	There is a new notice on the board. 布告栏上有一则新通知。
call up	短语	打电话给...	I'll call you up this evening. 我今晚给你打电话。
hand out	短语	分发；发放	Volunteers will hand out food to the homeless. 志愿者将向无家可归者分发食物。
volunteer	n. & v.	志愿者；自愿做	She volunteers at the local hospital. 她在当地医院做志愿者。
lonely	adj.	孤独的；寂寞的	He felt lonely when he moved to a new city. 他搬到新城市时感到很孤独。
several	det. & pron.	几个；数个	I have several questions to ask. 我有几个问题要问。
feeling	n.	感觉；情感	I have a feeling that it will rain. 我感觉天要下雨了。
satisfaction	n.	满足；满意	She gets a lot of satisfaction from her work. 她从工作中获得很大的满足感。
joy	n.	高兴；快乐	To my joy, he passed the exam. 让我高兴的是，他通过了考试。
owner	n.	物主；主人	The owner of the dog is very kind. 这只狗的主人非常友善。
journey	n.	旅行；行程	It was a long and difficult journey. 那是一次漫长而艰难的旅程。
raise	v.	筹集；抚养	They are raising money for charity. 他们正在为慈善事业筹款。
alone	adj. & adv.	单独的；独自地	I don't want to go alone. 我不想一个人去。
strong	adj.	强壮的；坚固的	He is strong enough to lift the box. 他力气很大，能举起这个箱子。
care for	短语	照顾；非常喜欢	Who will care for the children when we are away? 我们不在的时候谁来照顾孩子们？
fix up	短语	修理；修补	He fixed up my old bike. 他帮我修好了我的旧自行车。
give away	短语	赠送；分发	He gave away all his money to the poor. 他把所有的钱都分给了穷人。
wheelchair	n.	轮椅	My grandfather uses a wheelchair. 我爷爷坐轮椅。
set up	短语	建立；设立	They set up a new company. 他们成立了一家新公司。
make a difference	短语	有影响；起重要作用	Volunteering can make a difference in the community. 志愿服务可以对社区产生影响。
blind	adj.	瞎的	The organization helps blind people. 这个组织帮助盲人。
deaf	adj.	聋的	She is deaf in one ear. 她一只耳朵失聪。
imagine	v.	想象；设想	I can't imagine life without electricity. 我无法想象没有电的生活。
difficulty	n.	困难；难题	He has some difficulty in learning English. 他在学习英语方面有些困难。
open up	短语	打开；开放；展现	The new road has opened up the area. 这条新公路使该地区得以开放。

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Unit 3: Could you please clean your room?

主题： 家务活与请求许可

单词	词性	中文释义	例句
chore	n.	杂务；家务活	Doing chores is boring. 做家务活很无聊。
dish	n.	盘子；菜肴	Please wash the dishes. 请洗盘子。
sweep	v.	扫；清扫	He is sweeping the floor. 他正在扫地。
trash	n.	垃圾；废物	Please take out the trash. 请把垃圾倒掉。
take out the trash	短语	倒垃圾	It's your turn to take out the trash. 该你倒垃圾了。
fold	v.	折叠	Please fold your clothes. 请把你的衣服叠好。
living room	n.	起居室；客厅	My parents are watching TV in the living room. 我父母正在客厅里看电视。
borrow	v.	借入	Can I borrow your pen? 我可以借你的笔吗？
invite	v.	邀请	I invited him to my party. 我邀请他参加我的派对。
accept	v.	接受	She accepted my invitation. 她接受了我的邀请。
refuse	v.	拒绝	He refused to help me. 他拒绝帮助我。
major	n.	专业	My major is English. 我的专业是英语。
lead to	短语	导致；通向	Hard work leads to success. 努力工作通向成功。
concentrate on	短语	全神贯注于	You should concentrate on your study. 你应该专注于你的学习。
conclusion	n.	What's your conclusion? 你的结论是什么？
influence	v. & n.	影响	Music influences my mood. 音乐影响我的情绪。
pressure	n.	压力	He is under great pressure. 他压力很大。
compete	v.	比赛；竞争	We will compete for the first prize. 我们将为第一名而竞争。
instead	adv.	代替；反而	I didn't go to the park. Instead, I went to the library. 我没去公园，而是去了图书馆。
communicate	v.	沟通；交流	It's important to communicate with your parents. 和父母沟通很重要。
argue	v.	争论；争吵	The children are always arguing. 孩子们总是在争吵。
communicate with	短语	与...沟通	You need to learn how to communicate with others. 你需要学会如何与他人沟通。
explain	v.	解释；说明	Can you explain this word to me? 你能给我解释一下这个单词吗？
clear	adj. & v.	清晰的；清除	The sky is clear today. 今天天空晴朗。
argue with	短语	与...争吵	He often argues with his sister. 他经常和他妹妹吵架。
cloud	n.	云	The sky is full of dark clouds. 天空布满乌云。
elder	adj.	年长的	He is my elder brother. 他是我的哥哥。
get along with	短语	与...和睦相处	I get along well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。
bad relationship	短语	不好的关系	They have a bad relationship. 他们的关系不好。
communicate	v.	沟通；交流	We need to communicate more. 我们需要多沟通。
work out	短语	解决；锻炼	I hope we can work out the problem. 我希望我们能解决这个问题。

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Unit 4: Why don't you talk to your parents?

主题： 提出建议与解决问题

单词	词性	中文释义	例句
allow	v.	允许；准许	My parents don't allow me to stay out late. 我父母不允许我待到很晚。
wrong	adj.	错误的；有毛病的	What's wrong with you? 你怎么了？
instead of	短语	代替；而不是	We should walk instead of taking a bus. 我们应该步行而不是坐公交车。
communicate	v.	沟通；交流	It's hard to communicate with him. 很难和他沟通。
argue	v.	争论；争吵	The couple began to argue. 那对夫妻开始争吵。
proper	adj.	正确的；恰当的	You must learn proper behavior. 你必须学会得体的行为。
get on with	短语	与...和睦相处	He gets on well with his colleagues. 他和同事相处得很好。
elder	adj.	年长的	My elder sister is a doctor. 我的姐姐是一名医生。
pressure	n.	压力	Teenagers are under a lot of pressure. 青少年承受着很大的压力。
compete	v.	竞争；比赛	They are competing for the championship. 他们正在为冠军而战。
cut out	短语	删去；戒掉	You should cut out smoking. 你应该戒烟。
concentrate on	短语	集中精力于	Please concentrate on your homework. 请集中精力做你的作业。
refuse	v.	拒绝	He refused to answer my question. 他拒绝回答我的问题。
snack	n.	小吃；点心	I'm hungry. Let's get a snack. 我饿了，我们买点小吃吧。
hug	v. & n.	拥抱	She gave her mother a big hug. 她给了妈妈一个大大的拥抱。
borrow	v.	借入	Can I borrow your dictionary? 我可以借你的字典吗？
loan	n. & v.	贷款；借出	Can you give me a loan? 你能借我钱吗？
communicate	v.	沟通；交流	We need to communicate with each other. 我们需要互相沟通。
explain	v.	解释；说明	He explained the rules to us. 他向我们解释了规则。
clear	adj. & v.	清晰的；清除	The water is clear. 水很清澈。
copy	v. & n.	抄袭；复印	Don't copy others' homework. 不要抄袭别人的作业。
return	v. & n.	归还；返回	Please return the book to the library. 请把书还给图书馆。
argue	v.	争论；争吵	What are you arguing about? 你们在为什么争论？
cloud	n.	云	The clouds are getting thicker. 云层越来越厚。
elder	adj.	年长的	He is my elder brother. 他是我的哥哥。
get along with	短语	与...和睦相处	I get along with my neighbors. 我和邻居们相处得很好。
bad relationship	短语	不好的关系	They have a bad relationship. 他们的关系不好。
work out	短语	解决；锻炼	I hope we can work out the problem. 我希望我们能解决这个问题。

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Unit 5: What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

主题： 过去进行时与突发事件

单词	词性	中文释义	例句
rainstorm	n.	暴风雨	There was a heavy rainstorm last night. 昨晚下了一场大暴雨。
alarm	n.	闹钟；警报	My alarm didn't go off this morning. 今天早上我的闹钟没响。
begin	v.	开始	The meeting will begin at 9 o'clock. 会议将在9点开始。
heavily	adv.	大量地；猛烈地	It was raining heavily outside. 外面正下着大雨。
suddenly	adv.	突然地	Suddenly, the lights went out. 突然，灯灭了。
pick up	短语	捡起；接（某人）	He picked up the pen from the floor. 他从地上捡起了笔。
strange	adj.	奇怪的；陌生的	There was a strange noise outside. 外面有奇怪的声音。
bend	v.	（使）弯曲	The wind bent the trees. 风把树吹弯了。
student	n.	学生	He is a university student. 他是一名大学生。
activity	n.	活动	We have many after-school activities. 我们有很多课外活动。
biscuit	n.	饼干	I'd like a cup of tea and a biscuit. 我想要一杯茶和一块饼干。
final	adj.	最后的；最终的	This is the final chapter of the book. 这是这本书的最后一章。
pilot	n.	飞行员	My brother wants to be a pilot. 我哥哥想成为一名飞行员。
recently	adv.	最近	I haven't seen him recently. 我最近没见过他。
alive	adj.	活着的	All the passengers were alive after the accident. 事故后所有乘客都还活着。
be used to	短语	习惯于	I am used to getting up early. 我习惯于早起。
silence	n.	安静；沉默	The silence was broken by a loud noise. 安静被一声巨响打破了。
silence	v.	使安静	The teacher silenced the noisy class. 老师让吵闹的班级安静下来。
hero	n.	英雄	He is a hero in my eyes. 在我眼里，他是个英雄。
area	n.	地区；区域	This is a beautiful area. 这是一个美丽的地区。
damage	v. & n.	毁坏；损害	The storm caused a lot of damage. 暴风雨造成了很大破坏。
shelter	n. & v.	避难所；掩蔽；躲避	They took shelter from the rain in a bus stop. 他们在公交车站躲雨。
victory	n.	胜利	They won a great victory. 他们赢得了巨大的胜利。
bright	adj.	明亮的；聪明的	The sun is bright today. 今天阳光明媚。
forever	adv.	永远；总是	I will remember you forever. 我会永远记住你。
drown	v.	淹死	Don't play by the river, or you might drown. 不要在河边玩，否则可能会淹死。
miss	v.	错过；想念	I missed the bus. 我错过了公交车。
passage	n.	（文章的）一段；通道	Read the passage and answer the questions. 阅读这段话并回答问题。

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Unit 6: An old man tried to move the mountains.

主题： 传说与故事

单词	词性	中文释义	例句
shoot	v.	射击；发射	The hunter shot at the deer. 猎人向鹿射击。
stone	n.	石头	He threw a stone into the river. 他向河里扔了一块石头。
weak	adj.	虚弱的；不牢固的	He was too weak to lift the box. 他太虚弱了，搬不动那个箱子。
god	n.	神；上帝	The ancient Greeks believed in many gods. 古希腊人信仰许多神。
remind	v.	提醒	This reminds me of my childhood. 这让我想起了我的童年。
bit	n.	一点；一些	I'm a bit tired. 我有点累。
a bit	短语	有点儿	She was a bit angry. 她有点生气。
silly	adj.	愚蠢的	Don't ask such silly questions. 不要问这么愚蠢的问题。
instead of	短语	代替；而不是	We went swimming instead of hiking. 我们去游泳了，而不是远足。
turn...into...	短语	把...变成...	The witch turned the prince into a frog. 女巫把王子变成了青蛙。
object	n.	物体；目标	There are many objects on the desk. 桌上有很多物体。
hide	v. & n.	躲藏；隐藏	The children hid in the garden. 孩子们藏在花园里。
tail	n.	尾巴	The dog wagged its tail. 狗摇着尾巴。

（注：Unit 6 单词较多，这里列出部分核心词汇，其他如 excited, exciting, get married, remind sb. of sth. 等也非常重要）

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Unit 7: What's the highest mountain in the world?

主题： 世界之最与地理

单词	词性	中文释义	例句
square	n.	广场；平方	Tian'anmen Square is very famous. 天安门广场非常有名。
meter	n.	米	The table is two meters long. 这张桌子有两米长。
desert	n.	沙漠	The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. 撒哈拉是世界上最大的热带沙漠。
population	n.	人口	What's the population of China? 中国的人口是多少？
population	n.	人口	The population of this city is growing fast. 这个城市的人口增长很快。
achievement	n.	成就；功绩	Winning the prize was a great achievement. 获得这项奖励是一项伟大的成就。
ancient	adj.	古代的	The ancient Romans built many roads. 古罗马人修建了许多道路。
wide	adj.	宽的	The river is very wide. 这条河很宽。
tour	n. & v.	旅行；观光	We went on a tour of the city. 我们在城市里观光了一圈。
wall	n.	墙	The Great Wall of China is a famous wall. 中国长城是著名的城墙。
famous	adj.	著名的	He is a famous writer. 他是一位著名的作家。
protect	v.	保护	We must protect the environment. 我们必须保护环境。
succeed	v.	成功	I believe you will succeed. 我相信你会成功。
challenge	n. & v.	挑战	Climbing the mountain is a challenge. 爬山是一项挑战。
in the face of	短语	面对...	He remained brave in the face of danger. 面对危险，他依然勇敢。
force	n. & v.	力量；迫使	The force of the explosion broke the windows. 爆炸的力震碎了窗户。
achieve	v.	实现；达到	He achieved his goal. 他实现了他的目标。
human	adj. & n.	人类的；人	Humans are intelligent beings. 人类是智慧的生物。
condition	n.	条件；状况	The car is in good condition. 这辆车状况良好。
achieve one's dream	短语	实现梦想	You can achieve your dream if you work hard. 如果你努力工作，就能实现梦想。
take in	短语	吸收；欺骗	The soil takes in rain. 土壤吸收雨水。
at birth	短语	出生时	She weighed 3 kilograms at birth. 她出生时重3公斤。
run over	短语	（车辆）撞倒；浏览	A car ran over a dog. 一辆车撞到了一只狗。
exactly	adv.	确切地；正是	That's exactly what I mean. 那正是我的意思。

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Unit 8: Have you read Treasure Island yet?

主题： 现在完成时与阅读体验

单词	词性	中文释义	例句
treasure	n. & v.	财宝；珍视	Pirates often bury their treasure. 海盗常常埋藏他们的财宝。
island	n.	岛	We spent our vacation on a tropical island. 我们在一个热带岛上度过了假期。
classic	n. & adj.	经典作品；经典的	Pride and Prejudice is a classic novel. 《傲慢与偏见》是一部经典小说。
page	n.	页	Turn to page 10 and read the text. 翻到第10页阅读课文。
already	adv.	已经	I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。
yet	adv.	已经；还（用于疑问句和否定句）	Have you eaten yet? 你吃了吗？
finish	v. & n.	完成；结束	When did you finish the book? 你什么时候读完这本书的？
fantasy	n.	幻想；童话	The Lord of the Rings is a famous fantasy novel. 《指环王》是一部著名的奇幻小说。
borrow	v.	借入	I borrowed this book from the library. 我从图书馆借了这本书。
character	n.	角色；人物	My favorite character is Harry Potter. 我最喜欢的角色是哈利·波特。
happen	v.	发生	What happened to you? 你怎么了？
due to	短语	由于；因为	The game was canceled due to the rain. 比赛因雨而取消。
pack	v. & n.	包装；收拾行李	Pack your bags quickly! 快收拾你的行李！
pop	n. & v.	流行音乐；发出砰的一声	I like listening to pop music. 我喜欢听流行音乐。
rock	n. & v.	岩石；摇滚乐	This band plays rock music. 这个乐队演奏摇滚乐。
prefer	v.	更喜欢	I prefer tea to coffee. 比起咖啡，我更喜欢茶。
sticker	n.	贴纸	Children love collecting stickers. 孩子们喜欢收集贴纸。
introduce	v.	介绍	Let me introduce my friend to you. 让我向你介绍我的朋友。
south	n. & adj.	南方；南方的	Australia is in the south of the world. 澳大利亚位于世界的南部。
successful	adj.	成功的	He is a successful businessman. 他是一位成功的商人。
tie	v. & n.	捆绑；领带；平局	The score was a tie. 比分是平局。
unbelievable	adj.	难以置信的	The view from the top is unbelievable. 从山顶看到的景色令人难以置信。
excited	adj.	激动的（主语是人）	I am excited about the trip. 我对这次旅行感到很兴奋。
exciting	adj.	令人激动的（主语是物）	The movie was very exciting. 这部电影非常激动人心。
record	n. & v.	记录；录音	I want to record a song. 我想录首歌。
gold	n. & adj.	黄金；金色的	She won a gold medal in the Olympics. 她在奥运会上赢得了一枚金牌。

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Unit 9: Have you ever been to a museum?

主题： 现在完成时与旅行经历

单词	词性	中文释义	例句
amusement	n.	娱乐；乐趣	We had a lot of amusement at the party. 我们在派对上玩得很开心。
amusement park	短语	游乐园	I went to an amusement park last weekend. 我上周末去了游乐园。
have been to	短语	去过（已回来）	I have been to Beijing. 我去过北京。
space museum	短语	航天博物馆	The space museum is very interesting. 航天博物馆非常有趣。
guide	n. & v.	向导；指导	Can you be our guide? 你能当我们的向导吗？
art museum	短语	美术馆	There is an art museum near our school. 我们学校附近有一家美术馆。
history	n.	历史	I'm interested in Chinese history. 我对中国历史感兴趣。
invention	n.	发明；创造	The invention of the internet changed the world. 互联网的发明改变了世界。
invent	v.	发明；创造	Who invented the telephone? 谁发明了电话？
uncomfortable	adj.	不舒服的	This chair is very uncomfortable. 这把椅子非常不舒服。
lock	v. & n.	锁；锁上	Don't forget to lock the door. 别忘了锁门。
prefer	v.	更喜欢	I prefer tea to coffee. 我喜欢茶胜过咖啡。
silence	n. & v.	安静；沉默	Please keep silence in the library. 请在图书馆保持安静。
gallery	n.	美术馆；长廊	We walked through the art gallery. 我们走过美术馆。
slow	adj. & v.	慢的；变慢	The car slowed down at the corner. 汽