苏教版七年级期末试卷重点难点解析？

这份试卷严格参照苏教版教材的知识体系、重点难点和题型结构进行设计，旨在帮助学生全面复习本学期所学内容，检测学习成果，试卷包含语文、数学、英语三个主要科目，并附有详细的参考答案和解析。

---

苏教版七年级（上）期末模拟试卷

（总分：150分 考试时间：120分钟）

---

语文部分 (满分：100分)

积累与运用 (共24分)

1. 根据拼音写汉字或给加点字注音。(4分)

   • 瘦骨líng xún ( ) 玲珑剔透
   • 猝不及防 ( ) 踌躇满志
   • 盘qiú ( )卧龙 ( )而不舍

2. 古诗文默写。(8分)

   • 潮平两岸阔,____。
   • ____，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。
   • 晏殊《浣溪沙》中被誉为“奇偶佳联”的句子是：____，____。
   • 《论语》中阐述学与思辩证关系的句子是：____，____。

3. 名著阅读。(4分) 《汤姆·索亚历险记》中，汤姆和哈克在墓地目睹了一起凶杀案，凶手是____，为了防止他说出真相，汤姆和哈克立下了“____”的誓言，这件事为后来汤姆在法庭上指证凶手埋下了伏笔。

4. 综合性学习。(8分) 学校开展“书香校园”活动，请你完成以下任务：

   
   （图片来源网络，侵删）
   • (1) 为本次活动拟一条宣传标语。(2分)

     ---

   • (2) 请你向同学们推荐一本你最喜欢的书，并说明推荐理由。(不少于50字)(6分) 书名：____ 推荐理由：____

     ---

阅读理解 (共36分)

(一) 阅读下面的古诗，完成5-6题。(4分)

次北固山下 王湾 客路青山外，行舟绿水前。 潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。 海日生残夜，江春入旧年。 乡书何处达？归雁洛阳边。

5. “风正一帆悬”描绘了一幅怎样的画面？请用自己的话描述。(2分)

   ---

   ---

6. “海日生残夜，江春入旧年”是千古传诵的名句，请简要分析其妙处。(2分)

   
   （图片来源网络，侵删）

   ---

   ---

(二) 阅读下面的文言文，完成7-10题。(12分)

《论语》十二章（节选）

子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？”

曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？”

子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。”

子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。”

7. 解释下列加点词在句中的意思。(4分)

   • 不亦说乎 ( )
   • 与朋友交而不信乎 ( )
   • 温故而知新 ( )
   • 学而不思则殆 ( )

8. 将下列句子翻译成现代汉语。(4分)

   • 人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎？

     ---

   • 学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。

     ---

9. 请写出文中强调“反省”的句子。(2分)

   ---

10. 结合自身实际,谈谈你对“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”的理解。(2分)

    ---

    ---

(三) 阅读下面的记叙文，完成11-15题。(20分)

那盏灯 在我记忆的银河里，有一颗闪亮的星星，它照亮了我童年的路，那是一盏普通的煤油灯，也是我心中最温暖的灯。

小时候,我家住在乡下，没有电灯，每当夜幕降临，整个村庄便陷入一片寂静与黑暗，这时，奶奶总会从抽屉里拿出那盏擦拭得锃亮的煤油灯，用火柴“刺啦”一声点亮，豆大的火苗在玻璃罩里跳动，瞬间驱散了黑暗，也照亮了奶奶布满皱纹的脸。

我最喜欢趴在桌子上,借着那昏黄的光线看书写字，灯光下，奶奶总是坐在一旁，手里拿着针线活，一边做着，一边看着我，她的眼神里充满了慈爱和期盼，有时，我遇到难题，愁眉不展，奶奶就会放下手中的活，凑过来，用她那粗糙的手指着我的作业本，耐心地为我讲解，虽然她文化不高，讲不出什么大道理，但她的鼓励总能让我重新振作起来。

那盏灯,不仅照亮了我的书本，更照亮了我前行的路，它教会了我坚持，教会了我感恩，每当我看到那跳动的火苗，就仿佛看到了奶奶慈祥的笑容，感受到了她无私的爱。

我早已搬进了有电灯的城市,生活条件发生了翻天覆地的变化，但无论走到哪里，我都不会忘记那盏煤油灯，不会忘记奶奶在灯下为我操劳的身影，它是我心中永不熄灭的灯。

11. 是“那盏灯”，请概括这盏灯在文中的象征意义。(4分)

    ---

    ---

12. 请从描写的角度,赏析文中画线的句子。(4分) “豆大的火苗在玻璃罩里跳动，瞬间驱散了黑暗，也照亮了奶奶布满皱纹的脸。”

    ---

    ---

13. 文章中“我”和奶奶之间有哪些感人的事？请简要概括。(4分)

    ---

    ---

14. 结尾段说“它是我心中永不熄灭的灯”，为什么说它“永不熄灭”？(4分)

    ---

    ---

15. 请你谈谈读了这篇文章后的感悟。(4分)

    ---

    ---

作文 (共40分)

16. 请从下面两个题目中任选一题，写一篇不少于600字的文章。

*   **题目一：那一次，我___________**
    （请先将题目补充完整，如：那一次，我流泪了/那一次，我成功了/那一次，我长大了……然后写一篇完整的记叙文。）
*   **题目二：我心中的那一道“光”**
    （可以写人，可以写物，也可以写一种精神或信念，要求内容具体，情感真挚。）

---

数学部分 (满分：100分)

选择题 (每题3分，共24分)

1. -5的相反数是 ( ) A. 5 B. -5 C. 1/5 D. -1/5

2. 下列计算正确的是 ( ) A. 3a + 2b = 5ab B. 4a² - 3a² = a C. 5a² - 2a² = 3 D. -3ab + 2ab = -ab

3. 用科学记数法表示 6 050 000，正确的是 ( ) A. 60.5 × 10⁵ B. 6.05 × 10⁶ C. 0.605 × 10⁷ D. 6.05 × 10⁵

4. 下列各式中,是一元一次方程的是 ( ) A. x + 3y = 5 B. x² - 1 = 0 C. 1/2 x - 3 = 0 D. 1/x = 2

5. 已知 ∠α = 35°18′，则 ∠α 的余角是 ( ) A. 54°42′ B. 55°42′ C. 64°42′ D. 145°18′

6. 从不同方向看一个几何体,得到的平面图形如图所示，这个几何体是 ( ) （主视图：三角形；左视图：三角形；俯视图：圆） A. 圆锥 B. 圆柱 C. 棱锥 D. 球

7. 某商店将一件商品按成本价提高50%后标价，又以8折出售，则这件商品的售价是成本的 ( ) A. 100% B. 120% C. 80% D. 70%

8. 小明从家出发去学校,走了全程的1/3后，发现忘记带作业，于是回家去取，然后再去学校，如果小明家到学校的距离为s，小明一共走了 ( ) A. s B. 4s/3 C. 5s/3 D. 2s

填空题 (每题3分，共24分)

9. 比较大小：-3 __ -5。（填“>”、“<”或“=”）

10. 单项式 -3πxy² 的系数是 __。

11. 若 |x - 2| + (y + 1)² = 0，则 x + y = __。

12. 一个角的补角是它的3倍,则这个角的度数是 __。

13. 解方程 2(x - 1) = 3 - x，得 x = __。

14. 若 a - b = 2，ab = -1，则 a² + b² = __。

15. 如图,直线 AB、CD 相交于点 O，OE 平分 ∠AOC，若 ∠AOD = 130°，则 ∠BOE = __度。 （图略：两直线相交，形成四个角，∠AOD=130°，OE是∠AOC的平分线）

16. 观察下列图形： 第1个图形由5个五角星组成，第2个由9个组成，第3个由13个组成……，按照此规律，第n个图形由 __个五角星组成。

解答题 (共52分)

17. 计算题（每题4分，共8分） (1) (-12) + (-18) - (-7) - 15 (2) (-2)³ × | -1/4 | - (1/2)⁻¹

18. 化简求值（6分） 化简：5a² - (a² - 2ab) - 2(a² - ab)，a = -1，b = 2。

19. 解方程（每题5分，共10分） (1) 2x - 3(x - 1) = 5 (2) 1 - (x - 1)/3 = (x + 2)/2

20. （本题6分） 如图，已知线段 AB = 10cm，点 C 是 AB 的中点，点 D 在 BC 上，且 BD = 2cm，求线段 AD 的长度。 （图略：A-----C-----D-----B，AB=10cm）

21. （本题6分） 某校组织学生去博物馆参观，如果租用45座客车，则刚好坐满；如果租用60座客车，则可少租一辆，且车上还有15个空座位，问该校去参观的学生有多少人？

22. （本题8分） 如图，已知 ∠AOB = 90°，∠BOC = 30°，OM 平分 ∠AOC，ON 平分 ∠BOC。 (1) 求 ∠MON 的度数。 (2) 如果将 ∠BOC 的度数改为任意锐角α，其他条件不变，∠MON 的度数会改变吗？若不变，请求出其度数；若改变，请说明理由。 （图略：从O点出发三条射线，OA, OM, ON, OC，OB在中间，∠AOB=90°，∠BOC=30°）

23. （本题8分） 在数轴上，点 A、B、C 分别表示数 a、b、c，它们的位置如图所示。 （图略：数轴上，C在最左边，表示-1.5；A在中间，表示1；B在最右边，表示2.5） (1) 用含 a、b、c 的式子表示 |b - a| + |c - b|。 (2) 化简代数式 |a| - |a + c| + |c - b|。

---

英语部分 (满分：50分)

听力理解 (略)

(注：听力部分在实际考试中通过音频播放，此处省略。)

单项填空 (每题1分，共10分)

24. — __ is your schoolbag? — It's under the table. A. What B. Where C. How D. Who

25. There __ some milk and two apples on the desk. A. is B. are C. has D. have

26. My father is very busy. He usually works __ 10 hours a day. A. at B. on C. for D. in

27. — __ do you go to the movies? — Once a month. A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How many

28. This is __ interesting book. I want to read it again. A. a B. an C. the D. /

29. — __ you like to go shopping with me this afternoon? — I'd love to. A. Are B. Do C. Would D. Can

30. — What's your favorite __? — Swimming. It's very relaxing. A. color B. subject C. sport D. food

31. My mother asks me __ too much junk food. A. not eat B. not to eat C. eat D. to eat

32. He is very tired. He needs __ a good rest. A. have B. to have C. having D. has

33. — I'm sorry I'm late. — __. A. That's right B. You're welcome C. It doesn't matter D. Thank you

完形填空 (每题1分，共10分)

My name is Lily. I am a middle school student. I have a good friend 34 Tom. He is from 35 United States. He is tall and 36 . He has blue eyes and yellow hair.

Tom likes sports very much. His favorite 37 is basketball. He often plays basketball 38 his classmates after school. He says it's 39 . He also likes music. He can 40 the guitar very well. He often plays the guitar 41 our school music festival.

Last Sunday, we had a picnic in the park. We 42 some sandwiches, fruit and drinks. We sat on the grass and talked 43 . We were very happy.

34. A. call B. calls C. calling D. called
35. A. a B. an C. the D. /
36. A. heavy B. thin C. strong D. quiet
37. A. color B. sport C. food D. subject
38. A. and B. with C. for D. to
39. A. boring B. difficult C. interesting D. relaxing
40. A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing
41. A. at B. on C. in D. for
42. A. bring B. brought C. takes D. took
43. A. happy B. happily C. sad D. sadly

阅读理解 (每题2分，共10分)

A Jack is a 12-year-old boy. He likes playing computer games very much. Every day, after he finishes his homework, he sits in front of the computer and plays games for hours. His parents are worried about him. One day, Jack's father said, "Jack, you must stop playing games so much. It's bad for your eyes and your study." Jack was unhappy but he said nothing. The next day, Jack got a "C" in his math test. He felt very sad. His mother said, "If you spend less time on games, you will have more time to study. Then you can get good grades." Jack thought about what his parents said. He decided to cut down the time he spent on computer games. Now, he only plays games on weekends. And he often plays basketball with his friends after school. He feels much healthier and happier.

44. What does Jack like doing very much? A. Playing basketball. B. Playing computer games. C. Studying math. D. Reading books.

45. How did Jack feel when his father asked him to stop playing games? A. Happy. B. Sad. C. Angry. D. Unhappy.

46. What did Jack decide to do? A. To play games only on weekends. B. To study math harder. C. To talk to his teachers. D. To never play games again.

B There are four people in my family: my parents, my sister and I. My father is a doctor and my mother is a teacher. They both work hard. My sister is a college student. She is studying in Beijing. I miss her very much. My family has many rules. For example, I must get up at 6:30 on weekdays. I can't watch TV for more than one hour every day. I must finish my homework before I play. On weekends, I have to clean my room and help my mother with the housework. At first, I don't like these rules. But now I understand. My parents make these rules because they love me and want me to be a good person. These rules help me form good habits.

47. What is the writer's sister? A. A middle school student. B. A doctor. C. A teacher. D. A college student.

48. How long can the writer watch TV every day? A. For half an hour. B. For one hour. C. For more than one hour. D. For two hours.

49. Why does the writer's family have many rules? A. Because they are strict. B. Because they want the writer to be a good person. C. Because they have nothing else to do. D. Because the writer is a bad boy.

50. What does the writer think of the rules now? A. He hates them. B. He doesn't care. C. He understands them. D. He wants to change them.

词汇运用 (每题1分，共5分)

51. It's my __ (one) time to visit Beijing.
52. Look! The children are swimming __ (happy) in the pool.
53. There are two __ (library) in our school.
54. My mother is __ (cook) dinner in the kitchen.
55. We should eat more vegetables to keep __ (health).

句型转换 (每空0.5分，共5分)

56. He does his homework every evening. (改为否定句) He __ __ his homework every evening.

57. They are playing basketball on the playground. (对划线部分提问) __ are they __ on the playground?

58. I need to buy a new dictionary. (改为一般疑问句) __ you __ to buy a new dictionary?

59. The boy is so young that he can't go to school. (改为同义句) The boy is __ young __ go to school.

60. My father gave me a nice gift on my birthday. (改为被动语态) A nice gift __ __ to me by my father on my birthday.

---

参考答案与解析

语文部分

积累与运用

1. 嶙峋 cù 虬 锲
2. 风正一帆悬 枯藤老树昏鸦 无可奈何花落去，似曾相识燕归来 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆
3. 印第安·乔 血誓
4. (1) 示例：“与书为伴，点亮智慧人生。” (2) 示例：《小王子》，这本书用孩子般的视角探讨了爱、责任和人生的真谛，语言纯净，寓意深刻，让我明白了用心才能看见事物的本质。

阅读理解 (一) 5. 描绘了风平浪静、水天相接、船帆高悬的壮阔景象，展现了诗人旅途的顺利和开阔的胸襟。 6. 妙在：① 把“海日”和“江春”拟人化，赋予了它们新生的力量。② 在“残夜”和“旧年”中孕育新生，富有哲理，揭示了新旧交替的自然规律，给人以乐观、积极向上的艺术感受。

(二) 7. “说”通“悦”，愉快 诚信 新的知识 有害 8. 人家不了解我（的才学），我却不怨恨，不也是君子的品格吗？ 只学习而不思考，就会感到迷惑；只空想而不学习，就会有害（感到疲殆）。 9. 吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？ 10. 略，示例：这句话告诉我们学习与思考必须结合，如果只死记硬背知识而不思考，就会像在迷雾里行走一样，找不到方向；如果只空想而不学习，就会根基不稳，容易陷入困境，比如数学题，我不仅要记住公式，更要理解其推导过程，学会灵活运用，这才是真正的学习。

(三) 11. 象征意义：这盏灯象征着奶奶无私的爱、温暖的亲情以及奶奶的爱对“我”人生的指引和激励。 12. 运用了动作描写和视觉描写。“跳动”一词写出了火苗的动态和生命力，“驱散黑暗”和“照亮脸”则写出了灯的实用功能和它带来的温暖，同时也为下文写奶奶的爱做了铺垫。 13. ① 奶奶在灯下为“我”讲解难题，鼓励“我”。② 奶奶在灯下做针线活，陪伴“我”学习。 14. 因为这盏灯所代表的奶奶的爱、亲情以及奶奶所教会“我”的“坚持”和“感恩”等优秀品质，已经深深烙印在“我”的心中，成为“我”人生道路上永恒的精神支柱和力量源泉，所以它“永不熄灭”。 15. 略，示例：这篇文章让我想起了自己的奶奶（或外婆），她也许没有给我讲过什么大道理，但她那默默的付出和慈祥的目光，同样是我心中最温暖的阳光，我们要珍惜身边的亲情，感恩长辈的关爱。

作文 16. 评分标准：内容切题，中心明确，结构完整，语言通顺，情感真挚，书写工整，一类卷（35-40分），二类卷（28-34分），三类卷（21-27分），四类卷（20分以下）。

---

数学部分

选择题

A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C

填空题 9. > 10. -3π 11. 1 12. 45° 13. 5/3 14. 6 15. 65 16. 4n+1

解答题 17. (1) 原式 = -30 - 7 - 15 = -52 (2) 原式 = -8 × 1/4 - 2 = -2 - 2 = -4

18. 原式 = 5a² - a² + 2ab - 2a² + 2ab = (5-1-2)a² + (2+2)ab = 2a² + 4ab 当 a = -1, b = 2 时，原式 = 2(-1)² + 4(-1)(2) = 2 - 8 = -6

19. (1) 2x - 3x + 3 = 5, -x = 2, x = -2 (2) 6 - 2(x - 1) = 3(x + 2), 6 - 2x + 2 = 3x + 6, 8 - 2x = 3x + 6, 5x = 2, x = 2/5

20. ∵ AB = 10cm, C是AB中点 ∴ AC = CB = AB/2 = 5cm ∵ BD = 2cm ∴ AD = AC + CD = AC + (CB - BD) = 5 + (5 - 2) = 8cm

21. 设该校去参观的学生有x人。 根据题意得：x/45 = (x - 15)/60 解得：4x = 3(x - 15), 4x = 3x - 45, x = 45 答：该校去参观的学生有45人。

22. (1) ∵ ∠AOB = 90°, ∠BOC = 30° ∴ ∠AOC = ∠AOB + ∠BOC = 90° + 30° = 120° ∵ OM平分∠AOC, ON平分∠BOC ∴ ∠AOM = ∠AOC/2 = 60°, ∠BON = ∠BOC/2 = 15° ∴ ∠MON = ∠AOM - ∠BON = 60° - 15° = 45° (2) ∠MON的度数不会改变。 理由：∠AOC = ∠AOB + ∠BOC = 90° + α ∠AOM = (90° + α)/2 = 45° + α/2 ∠BON = α/2 ∴ ∠MON = ∠AOM - ∠BON = (45° + α/2) - α/2 = 45° 当∠BOC为任意锐角α时，∠MON的度数始终是45°。

23. (1) 由数轴可知，c < a < b。 ∴ |b - a| = b - a, |c - b| = b - c ∴ 原式 = (b - a) + (b - c) = 2b - a - c (2) 由数轴可知，a = 1 > 0, c = -1.5 < 0, a+c = -0.5 < 0, c-b = -4 < 0。 ∴ |a| = a, |a+c| = -(a+c), |c-b| = b-c ∴ 原式 = a - [-(a+c)] + (b-c) = a + a + c + b - c = 2a + b 当 a = 1, b = 2.5 时，原式 = 2×1 + 2.5 = 4.5

---

英语部分

单项填空 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. C

完形填空 34. D 35. C 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. D 40. A 41. C 42. B 43. B

阅读理解 44. B 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. C

词汇运用 51. first 52. happily 53. libraries 54. cooking 55. healthy

句型转换 56. doesn't do 57. What, doing 58. Do, need 59. too, to 60. was given