七年级下册英语8单元核心考点有哪些？

这个单元的主题是 "Is there a post office near here?" （这儿附近有邮局吗？），是整个初中阶段学习方位介词和There be句型的关键单元。

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单元核心主题

Asking for and giving directions (问路与指路)

学习如何用英语询问某个地方在哪里,以及如何为他人指明方向。

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核心词汇

地点名词

• post office 邮局
• police station 警察局
• hospital 医院
• hotel 宾馆
• restaurant 餐厅
• bank 银行
• library 图书馆
• supermarket 超市
• street 大街
• pay phone 付费电话
• park 公园
• bridge 桥
• avenue 大街，林荫道 (比 street 更宽)

方位介词

这是本单元的重中之重,用来描述地点之间的位置关系。

• next to 紧挨着，在...旁边
• across from 在...对面
• between 在...和...之间 (通常两者之间)
• on 在...上 (街道上，如 on Bridge Street)
• in 在...里面 (在某个区域内，如 in the neighborhood)
• near 在...附近
• behind 在...后面
• in front of 在...前面

其他重要词汇

• anyone / anybody 任何人
• someone / somebody 某人
• no one / nobody 没有人
• excuse me 打扰一下 (用于引起注意或提问)
• beginning (n.) 开头，起点
• tour (n./v.) 旅行，观光
• north (n./adj.) 北方 (的)
• south (n./adj.) 南方 (的)
• east (n./adj.) 东方 (的)
• west (n./adj.) 西方 (的)

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核心句型

There be 句型

表示“存在”，即“某个地方有某物”。

• 肯定句: There is a bank on the street.

  
  （图片来源网络，侵删）

  解析：There is + 单数名词 / 不可数名词 + 地点状语。

• 肯定句: There are some restaurants near here.

  解析：There are + 复数名词 + 地点状语。

• 否定句: There isn't a post office near here.

  
  （图片来源网络，侵删）

  解析：There isn't (is not) + 单数名词 / 不可数名词 + 地点状语。

• 否定句: There aren't any hotels on this street.

  解析：There aren't (are not) + 复数名词 + 地点状语。

• 一般疑问句: Is there a hospital around?

  • 肯定回答：Yes, there is. / Yes, there is one.
  • 否定回答：No, there isn't. / No, there isn't one.

• 一般疑问句: Are there any supermarkets here?

  • 肯定回答：Yes, there are. / Yes, there are some.
  • 否定回答：No, there aren't. / No, there aren't any.

• 特殊疑问句: Where is the bank?

  回答：It's next to the post office.

• 特殊疑问句: Where are the pay phones?

  回答：They are between the post office and the library.

问路与指路句型

• 问路:

  • Excuse me, is there a ... near here? 打扰一下，这附近有...吗？
  • Excuse me, where is the ...? 打扰一下，...在哪里？
  • Excuse me, how can I get to the ...? 打扰一下，我怎么去...？
  • Excuse me, which is the way to the ...? 打扰一下，哪条路是去...的？

• 指路:

  • It's on / in / behind / next to / across from ... 它在...上面/里面/后面/旁边/对面。
  • Go straight (and ...) / Turn left / Turn right. 直走（..）/ 向左转 / 向右转。
  • It's between ... and ... 它在...和...之间。
  • You can't miss it. 你不会找不到的。
  • It's a bit far. You'd better take a bus. 有点远,你最好坐公交车。
  • Let me show you. 让我给你指路吧。

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重点语法详解

There be 句型 vs. have/has

这是中国学生最容易混淆的两个点。

句型	含义	主语	例句
There be	存在	地点	There is a book on the desk. (桌子上存在一本书。)
have/has	拥有	人或物	I have a book. (我拥有一本书。)

简单记：There be 看前面（地点），have/has 看后面（人或物）。

方位介词的用法

• next to: 紧挨着，挨得最近。

  The supermarket is next to the library.

• across from: 在...对面，需要跨越一条路或一个空间。

  The bank is across from the park.

• between A and B: 在A和B之间，强调两者之间。

  The pay phone is between the post office and the hotel.

• on: 在...上，通常指在街道上。

  The hotel is on Center Street.

• in: 在...里面，指在一个较大的区域内。

  The library is in the neighborhood.

• near: 在...附近，是一个相对宽泛的概念。

  My home is near the school.

指路顺序

在指路时,通常按照以下逻辑顺序：

1. 先给大方向：告诉对方在哪个区域，或描述地标性建筑。

   "Go straight down this street to the first corner."

2. 然后说转向：告诉对方在哪里左转或右转。

   "Then turn left at the bank."

3. 最后描述具体位置：告诉对方目标地点旁边有什么。

   "The post office is just across from the supermarket."

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单元课文/对话示例

Conversation 1 (P43)

A: Excuse me. Is there a hotel in the neighborhood? B: Yes, there is. It's on Bridge Street. A: Oh... Is it far from here? B: No, it's not far. Go straight and turn left. It's next to a supermarket. A: Thanks! And is there a restaurant around here? B: Yes. There's one on Center Street, across from the post office. A: Great. Thank you very much! B: You're welcome.

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学习建议

1. 图记忆法：画一张简单的地图，把学到的地点和方位介词标注在上面，通过“看图说话”来巩固方位词和There be句型。
2. 情景对话：和同学或家人模拟问路和指路的情景，把课本上的句子用起来,这是最有效的口语练习方法。
3. 熟记于心：把核心词汇和句型做成卡片,随时拿出来背诵。
4. 学以致用：走在路上时，可以试着用英语在心里描述周围建筑物的位置关系，"The coffee shop is next to the bookstore. The park is across from the school."

希望这份详细的梳理对你的学习有帮助！加油！